Analysis of the results and Boy's surface figures

En résumé (grâce à un LLM libre auto-hébergé)

  • Analysis of the periodic functions A(m) and B(m) on the Boy surface.
  • Graphical representation of the Boy surface with elliptic meridians.
  • Study of the cuts Z = constant and the cusp singularities on the surface.

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3. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS.
... Figure 3 shows the periodic functions A(m) and B(m). B is simply phase-shifted relative to A.

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Figure 3.
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...Using an "Apple-II" microcomputer, we plotted a view of Boy's surface showing the elliptic meridians intersecting the single pole.

...Now consider the cross-sections Z = constant. Their equations follow from that of the surface. They are drawn in figures (5a) to (c). All figures exhibit ternary symmetry, as can be seen. The first three cross-sections show inflection points. These slight irregularities are the trace of cusp singularities that appear in this region before the coefficients were adjusted. In figure (5j), three sealed points are found. The two circles embedded in this figure (5j) have neighborhoods that are Möbius bands, twisted three half-turns relative to the horizontal plane z = constant.

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Figure 4. Meridional lines (Em) of Boy's surface plotted using an "Apple II".

...Below are improved illustrations compared to those accompanying the original note in the Comptes Rendus of the Académie des Sciences de Paris:

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Fig.5a -------------------------------------

Fig.5b ------------------------

Fig. 5c -------------------------

Fig.5d ----------------------- .

Fig.5e


. Fig.5f -------------------------

. Fig.5g -------------------------

. Fig.5h ---------------------- . Fig.5i -------------------

. Fig.5j -------------------------

. Fig.5k ------------------------

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Figures 5a to 5l

...Cross-section (5g) passes through the triple point of the surface. Cross-sections (5f), (5j), and (5m) correspond to limiting cases where changes occur in the way the curve arcs are joined.

...In figure (5i), we have indicated the sealed points by:

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References.

[1] A. Phillips, Turning a Sphere Inside Out, Scientific American 1966.
[2] B. Morin, Comptes Rendus, series B.
[3] B. Morin & J.P. Petit: The eversion of the sphere. Pour la Science (French edition of Scientific American), January 1979.

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