a208 A cosmological model: The twin bang. (p.8) A new chronological variable.
...As pointed out in previous sections, all efforts in General Relativity tend to favor quantities that are invariant under coordinate changes. How could one imagine that a measure of time itself would be invariant under coordinate changes? ...
We have one right in front of our eyes: the solar system. Time is an angle, a number. We can imagine the following fundamental clock: two masses orbiting around their common center of gravity: (177)
...We want to look back to the distant past of the universe and ask:
- How long has it been since "the beginning"?
...Let us move on to another question:
- How many turns has this fundamental clock made in the past?
Let t be the "classic cosmological time", used in cosmology, which is nothing more than a time-marker. We find
n = Log t
The number of turns is infinite and corresponds to the so-called conformal time.
...Incidentally, this number of turns corresponds to the entropy per baryon, which is no longer a constant, thus modeling a variable constant model.
...Decide that: Time is the event.
...What is the physical meaning of n = Log t? It means that an infinite number of microscopic events have occurred in the past of the universe, so that it has no beginning or initial singularity.
...Compare the universe to a book. It has been opened at a page that we call "present". We would like to go back to the first page in order to read the preface in which the author explained his intentions when beginning his work.
...The width of the book is what we call "time". From this point of view, the past is finite: the width of the book is finite. But how many pages does it contain?
...I can meet an editor and say: - I have written a book, this thick. ...And show the distance between my two fingers.
...But suppose that you are not an ordinary writer. You use pages of variable width. You change the size of the characters, and so on.
...As an editor, I would cautiously ask:
- How many characters are in your manuscript?
...Regarding the universe, the question becomes:
- How many events in the past?
...Our answer is: "Infinite".
...This model does not take into account the phenomena of weak and strong interactions. The work is not yet finished and does not claim to hold the definitive truth. It simply shows that the Standard Model might be only the last station towards some "physics at the west of the Pecos river".
...Next figure: the variation of physical constants with respect to the classical time-marker t: (178)