A cosmological model: The twin bang. (p.8)
A new chronological variable.
...As pointed out in preceding sections, all efforts in General Relativity tend towards quantities that are coordinate-invariant. How could it be imagined that a measure of time would be coordinate invariant? ...
We have one, facing our eyes: the solar system. Time is an angle, a number. We can imagine the following basic clock: two masses orbiting around their common center of gravity:
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...We want to look back to the distant past of the universe and ask:
- How long since "the beginning"?
...
Let us shift to another question:
- How many turns did the above basic clock make in the past?
Call t the "classic cosmological time," used in cosmology, which is nothing but a time-marker. We find
n = Log t
The number of turns is infinite and identifies the so-called conformal time.
...Incidentally, this number of turns identifies with the entropy per baryon, which in no longer constant is a variable constant model.
...Decide that:
Time is the event.
...What is the physical meaning of n = Log t?
It means that an infinite number of micro-events occurred in the past of the universe, so that it has no beginning nor initial singularity.
...Compare the universe to a book. It has been opened at a page that we call "present." We would like to return to the first page in order to read the foreword in which the author put his aims, when beginning his book.
...The width of the book is that which we call "time." From this point of view, the past is finite: the width of the book is finite. But how many pages does it have?
...I can meet an editor and say:
- I have written a book, this thick.
...And show a distance between your two fingers.
...But suppose that you are not a normal writer. You use pages with variable widths. You change the size of the types, and so on.
...As an editor, I would ask cautiously:
- How many signs in your manuscript?
...About the universe the question becomes:
- How many events in the past?
...Our answer is: "Infinite".
...This model does not take into account the weak and the strong interaction phenomena. The work is not finished yet and does not pretend that we hold the definite truth. It just shows that the Standard Model is perhaps only the last station towards some "physics at the west of the Pecos river."
...Next figure: the variation of physical constants with respect to classical time-marker t:
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