F3212 Cosmology of twin universes (p. 12)
Conclusion. ...
Starting from the field equation presented in a previous paper [1], we have presented new results, obtained using numerical simulations performed by F. Lansheat. This work provides a possible explanation for the very large, spongy structure of the Universe, and constitutes an alternative to the classical "pancakes" theory, since our structures are stable over a period of time comparable to the age of the Universe. Then, we developed a theory of inverse gravitational lensing: the observed lensing effects could be mainly due to the effect of surrounding antipodal matter, acting like a distribution of negative mass, rather than to the action of the galaxy itself. This challenges the concept of dark matter. Finally, starting from the field equation S = c (T − A(T)), we have developed a cosmological model with "variable constants". Due to the hypothesis of homogeneity (T = A(T) = constant in space), the metric must be a solution of the equation S = 0, although the total mass of this closed universe is non-zero (T¹⁰). In order to avoid the triviality of the classical subsequent solution R » t, we have constructed a solution with "variable constants". We have derived the laws relating the different physical constants: G, c, h, m, in order to maintain the invariance of the fundamental equations, so that the variation of these constants is not measurable in the laboratory. The only effect of this process is the red shift, due to the secular variation of these constants.
… All the energies are conserved, but not the masses. We have found that all the characteristic lengths (Schwarzschild, Jeans, Compton, Planck) vary like the characteristic length R, from which it follows that all the characteristic times vary like the cosmic time t.
… In these conditions, the energy of the photon hν being conserved during its journey, the decrease in its frequency is due to the increase of the Planck constant h » t.
… In such a framework, the field equations admit a unique solution, corresponding to a negative curvature and to an evolution law: R » t²/³.
… The model is no longer isentropic and s = Log t. The cosmological horizon varies like R, thus ensuring the homogeneity of the Universe at any time, which challenges the inflation theory. We recover, for moderate distances, Hubble's law. We obtain a new law: distance = f(z), very close to the classical one for moderate redshifts.
… An observational test is suggested, based on the values of the angular sizes of distant objects. Comparing the available data to the predictions of our model and to those of the (particular) Einstein-de Sitter model, we observe a slight advantage for the first. Obviously, a single test cannot validate such a model.
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Acknowledgements :
This work was supported by the French CNRS and by the A. Dreyer Brevets et Développement company.