twin universe cosmology
Matter ghost-matter astrophysics. 3: The radiative era: The problem of the "origin" of the universe. The problem of the homogeneity of the early universe.
(p1)
...This work represents a fusion between the two approaches, that of the paper published in Astrophysics and Space Science (article 2 of the Geometrical Physics sub-site) and that developed in paper 3 (Repulsive ghost matter). In this article, the system of two field equations:
(3)
(4)
represented a kind of patchwork whose effect was to connect with the standard model, during the radiation phase, the equations then becoming:
(3')
(4')
that is to say... twice the standard model. This allowed to recover a sufficiently abrupt expansion during this phase to freeze the nucleosynthesis producing helium. With a system:
S = c ( Tr - T*r)
S* = c ( T*r - Tr)
with "fixed constants", the expansion (R » R* » t) would then be too slow. All the hydrogen in the universe would be transformed into helium.
...Returning to the system (3) + (4), this presented a difficulty, a problem raised with much relevance by the referee of A & A. When photons turned into matter and vice versa (as specified in the article), their contribution to the field changed sign, which we could not then justify.
...The use of the model with variable constants, for the radiative phase, then provided a globally coherent solution. Anyway, whether this model stands or not, there will remain a very strange property: that all the known equations of our physics are invariant under the generalized gauge transformation proposed. One must understand the field equation (even if we limit ourselves to Einstein's), the complete Maxwell equations and the Schrödinger equation.
...It is often read that the constants of physics cannot vary, because any variation, even minimal, of one of them immediately leads to physical impossibilities. Indeed. But it is not a matter of touching only one or a few constants, but all at once.
...The measuring instruments are built with the equations of physics and with their "constants". If we consider such a gauge phenomenon, with these joint variations of all the constants, it becomes impossible to highlight this phenomenon in the laboratory, since the measuring instruments derive at the same time as the phenomenon they are supposed to highlight. It is equivalent to trying to highlight a temperature variation by measuring the expansion of a steel table with a rule of the same metal. I know that this is a point that people often have a lot of difficulty understanding and even more to accept.
...Of course, this description of the radiative phase is also an outline. It does not handle the weak interaction or the strong interaction. To carry out such an extension, one would have to imagine other laws of variation of the constants related to these domains. It should be noted that in this strange model the Planck time varies like t and the Planck length like R, which pushes the "quantum barrier" further and further as we approach the "initial moment t = 0". Strange phenomenon which would need an interpretation.
...But these works are far from being finished. Perhaps we can consider all this as a kind of simple manifesto. Personally, I think that all our ideas about cosmic genesis should change strongly in the coming years or decades, and that by trying to go back to that hot past with our still primitive theoretical tools, we end up in a sort of organized schizophrenia. For example, I think of Linde's theory: inflation, which has only observational justification to justify the homogeneity of the early universe, and which everyone seems to agree with.
...Some people think that our vision of the world, through the standard model, is in the process of completion and that it will be sufficient to make a few adjustments here and there to complete the structure. I am not so sure. I think that the coming decades could reveal many surprises to us, providing a completely different description of this cosmic genesis (and I do not claim, by doing so, that my approach represents a progress in this sense). Throughout history, people have always been convinced that their knowledge of the universe was on the verge of completion. Before the explosion at the beginning of the century, many eminent people wrote: "now, we only need to add decimals to our calculations".
I once read in a book devoted to quantum mechanics the preface of its author, who wrote:
- Students tell me: "In quantum mechanics, all essential things have already been found", and I answer them: "No, there are still interesting things to emerge from this theory".
...There is another possibility, which our man neglects: that all our knowledge undergoes the kind of fate of our late nineteenth century, that it transforms into a chrysalis, giving birth ... to another butterfly.
