twin universe astrophysics and cosmology Matter ghost matter astrophysics. 5: Results of numerical 2d simulations. VLS. About a possible schema for galaxies' formation. (p9)
Conclusion.
Starting from Newtonian dynamics associated with a matter-ghost matter system, we performed 2d simulations using two sets of 5000 interacting mass points. We did not account for expansion phenomena. We chose initial conditions according to calculations presented in a previous paper, describing the matter era of the cosmological model. Then we found that, due to gravitational instability, ghost matter forms clumps. Matter occupies the remaining space, forming a cellular structure. We suggest that such a mechanism, extended to 3d, could explain the VLS.
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Commentary:
This article was part of what had been submitted to A&A in October 1996. This section was extensively analyzed by the anonymous referee of the journal, who posed an impressive number of questions during the ten months of our dialogue, which was otherwise very courteous and which one can only regret was so abruptly interrupted by the journal's editor. Regarding such a model, one immediately raises the question of possible observational confirmations. To this end, one would need to imagine cosmological tests, effects affecting the cosmic background, primarily due to the ghost matter clumps expected to be located in the centers of large voids surrounding the galaxies. The average diameter of these clumps depends strongly on the chosen initial conditions. If the temperature T* of the ghost matter is increased, their diameter increases. Below are results obtained with higher temperatures.
** ** Fig.1: The ghost matter clumps.
Fig.2: Here, superimposed with matter.
Fig.3: The cellular structure of matter.
It should be noted (from the article):
(23)
that the probability of occultation at a given distance r decreases rapidly with the average diameter f of the clumps. The quantity d is a fixed parameter (average size of the bubbles in the VLS).
Thus, for matter, a more regular structure is obtained. However, the scale of such clumps would be so large that they would occult even relatively nearby galaxies located within less than one billion light-years. We know that their effect on light is negative lensing, equivalent to observing a scene through a divergent lens. The effect is to reduce the apparent diameter of background objects and concentrate them. See figures 4, 5 and 6.
