Neutron Gravitational Hyperspace Universe
...Some residual mass could remain in place in our space, now repelled by the transferred mass. This self-attractive material could be kept at a distance by this new "twin neutron star". I have suggested that "proplyds" could correspond to the remnants of a neutron star that was transformed into a twin neutron star. Thus, the twin universe would contain two types of objects: huge proto-stars and a transferred neutron star (or sprayed transferred gas, due to soft hyperspace transfers). If this idea is correct, black holes would not exist. Some proplyds could be cold. Indeed, after a strong mass transfer, due to the merging of two neutron stars, the mass of the remnants could be too small to produce energy through contraction. Isolated, this gas would rapidly cool to the general cosmic background temperature: 2.7°K. Will we find cold proplyds?
...A final remark. After its transfer to the twin space, the (still self-attractive) matter is now repelled by any mass present in our space. For example, in a soft transfer, the transferred gas is pushed out of the galaxy. Considering the strong version of the transfer of matter towards the twin space (binary neutron star merging), the transferred mass will also be repelled by any "ordinary mass", including the mass of a cloud in which the process occurred. That's why proplyds could be found outside of large massive clouds, like Orion.
6 - Technological hyperspace transfer.
...If the constants of physics are strongly modified by a strong increase in pressure (energy density), we can search how this energy density increase could be achieved locally. Atoms, molecules, have metastable states. Helium has a well-known metastable state. If we supply energy to helium, a large amount of energy can be stored in this way.
...Similarly, atomic nuclei have metastable levels. Imagine a spacecraft that emits a shell of gas:
Fig.11 : The spacecraft emits a shell of gas.
...Then, wall-grasers emit a strong pulse of gamma-rays, absorbed by the nuclei of the gas. If the excitation level is metastable, the nuclei cannot dissipate this energy and reach criticality.
Fig.12 : A wall-graser emits gamma-rays whose energy is stored in a metastable level of atoms.
Fig.13 : 2D analogy: tiny space-bridges form, linking the two folds F and F (our fold and the twin fold).*
Fig.14 : The tiny space bridges which formed merge together along a closed surface. The content of this volume and the content of the adjacent volume of the twin space are exchanged.
..This hole would be filled rapidly by the air. I said that the transfer in the twin universe reversed the "apparent mass". Then, what happens to the spacecraft after its jump into the twin universe? For the passengers, Earth has disappeared (photons cannot travel from one fold to another, for geometric reasons). For terrestrial observers, the spacecraft seems to have disappeared as well.
...Instead of being attracted by Earth by gravity, the spacecraft is repelled by this "invisible Earth". If the hyperspace transfer is repeated, the craft returns and falls toward the ground. A rapid alternation of hyperspace transfers would produce a "zero gravity effect" as a result of the two movements (a fall in our fold, and a lift when the craft is in the twin space). That's my own vision of "antigravitation".
...In addition, this fast change of the sign of the apparent mass would produce gravitational waves. Spacecraft could communicate with gravitational waves, simply produced by a mass whose presence is rapidly changed, by local hyperspace transfer.
...Below, a 2D analogy illustrating this idea of hyperspace transfer, exchange of the contents of the two folds F and F*. In a 2D world, a "Flatland", a spacecraft is a closed curve (here represented by a circle).
Fig.15 : Schematic description of (flat) universe and twin universe, showing adjacent regions.
...In order to show the curvature modification, let us cut the plane along the AB line:
Fig.16 : A cut of the figure 15, along the AB line.
Fig.17 : Space begins to bend, along a closed curve.
...We have not represented the emitted gas, which would be located around a circle surrounding our "2D spacecraft". The absorption of gamma-ray energy by atoms, in a metastable level, bends space as indicated. Tiny space bridges form:
Fig.18 : Tiny space bridges form.
...A "geometrical surgery" occurs, which drastically modifies the connection between the different portions of the surface.
Fig.19 : After geometrical surgery.
...The use of different colors makes it possible to show how twin particles (red) have been transferred into the fold F (supposed to represent our space), while the spacecraft and its surrounding air now lie in the corresponding adjacent portion of this (flat) twin universe:
Fig.20 : How the different portions of the surfaces (universes) are now connected.
...Rapidly, the molecules of air in our space fill the available space, while the molecules of air transferred into the twin space escape. Then we have the following scheme. Up: homogeneous air and space. The spacecraft seems to have been "annihilated". Bottom: the spacecraft, transferred, cruises in the (very rarefied) twin universe.
Fig.21 : Twin matter has gone away, in our space. Molecules of air have gone away too, in twin space.
...This does not solve the problem of traveling to distant stars, even if the value of the speed of light is fairly higher in the twin space. It is somewhat difficult to understand that the distance between points is also changed. Consider two distinct points A and B, as pointed out by an observer belonging to our space. A' and B' are conjugated points in the twin space; image points. The distance A'B' is shorter than the distance AB. Then, if the goal is to go from a stellar system to another one, the gain is double: the distance is shortened and the velocity barrier is larger. But how to accelerate? What propeller for our cosmic craft?
...I think it might have none.
...In space-time, energy-matter is conserved. We can "read it" in the Einstein field equation (here with a zero cosmological constant).
(34)
S = c T
...To any mass at rest we can associate a Compton length:
(35)
Fig.22 : Compton length associated to a mass, for example a proton.
...Imagine this mass, this particle, belongs to the set of particles which form the cosmic craft. If transferred into a "smaller universe", this particle would encounter some "Gulliver effect". Its size would seem larger for test-particles which normally belong to the twin space (hydrogen atoms, for example).
Fig.23 : "Gulliver effect".
...This variation in size is the sign of some energy loss. Hyperspace transfer will be, someday, we hope, modeled through coupled field equations. More precisely, quantum physics will be involved too, I think. If we look at Einstein equation, the divergenceless hypothesis is equivalent to the conservation of energy-matter. Now, if we look at coupled field equations
(36-a)
S = c ( T - T* )
(36b)
S* = c ( T* - T )
the divergenceless hypothesis corresponds to the conservation of energy-matter over the two folds, even when hyperspace transfer is operated. Then we could derive some idea from this concept of energy-matter conservation. How to transfer a particle towards a "smaller" universe (whose scale factor R is smaller), preserving its energy-matter?
...Answer: it is possible if the wavelength is shortened, i.e. if the particle materializes in the twin space at relativistic velocity.
...Don't ask me more. They are just crude ideas. How to give to all the particles of the craft (and passengers) the same velocity? I don't know. Perhaps acting on the spins before the operation?
...If this idea is not completely crazy, a craft could jump into the twin space and appear in it at relativistic velocity. The journey's duration would not be zero, but possibly greatly shortened. Perhaps some planetary systems, 10 or 100 light-years distant, could be reached in less than a year.
