Interactive quasar gravitational twin space

7 - Possible interaction between our space and the twin space. A quasar model?

...We are currently studying possible joint metric variations. According to this idea, the ratios of distances, the ratio of local values of the velocity of photons in the two universes, the ratios of all physical constants could vary in space and time. We know that only gravitational effects can be "observed" from our fold. If there are joint metric fluctuations, we cannot experience them through a local physical experiment, because the phenomenon modifies both the quantities we would like to measure and the instruments... A good image would be an attempt to measure the expansion of an iron table, due to the variation of the room's temperature, using a ruler made of the same metal. The measured value would remain unchanged.

...Extracosmological fluctuations would change the value of the "apparent masses" located in the twin space. We know (if we decide to believe in our model) that galaxies are confined by an "invisible belt": the surrounding and geometrically invisible twin matter, which exerts a counterpressure on them. If a joint metric fluctuation changes the density of the surrounding matter, two cases can occur:

• If this density decreases, the confinement becomes inefficient and we obtain an irregular galaxy.

• If the density increases, the confinement force intensifies. The mass of the galaxy then undergoes "gravitational compression". The map of the gravitational field changes. A density wave may form in the interstellar gas, in a ring shape.

...A galaxy is a self-gravitating system, in which stars and interstellar gas orbit in the gravitational field created by the overall mass distribution. According to our theory (which explains the flatness of the rotation curve of the gas at a distance). We can represent it in 2D as a rotating fluid, circulating inside a sort of flat basin:

Fig.24: A model of a self-gravitating system: a fluid circulating in a basin.

...A modification of the apparent mass of the twin matter can be represented by a modification of the shape of the basin. If this apparent mass decreases, due to joint metric fluctuations, we obtain:

Fig.25: Formation of an irregular galaxy

...Conversely, if the apparent mass of the twin matter increases, we obtain this:

Fig.26: Formation of a density wave in the gas, due to the "strengthening of the invisible belt", to the increase of the apparent mass of the surrounding twin matter.

...On the next figure, we suggest the convergence of this density wave towards the center of the galaxy. All around, the invisible surrounding and confining twin matter.

Fig.27: Propagation of a ring-like density wave in interstellar gas.

Fig.28: Returning to the 2D hydraulic analogy: the circular breaking wave converges towards the center of the galaxy.

Fig.29: The gravitational energy is now converted.

...A density wave behaves like a shock wave (for example the spiral arms of a galaxy) and triggers the birth of new stars, which emit in UV. These last ionize the surrounding interstellar gas. That's why we can observe spiral structures, where the gas reacts through the fluorescence phenomenon. A galaxy has a (weak) magnetic field. Schematically:

Fig.30: Magnetic field of a galaxy. Schematic description.

...If the magnetic Reynolds number is large enough (its local value depends on the local value of the electrical conductivity of the gas), the ring of gas (the ring-like density wave) will pull the magnetic lines with it, as shown in figure 29.

Fig.31: The self-focusing of the ring-like density wave carries along the magnetic lines, "frozen in" the plasma.

Fig.32: Here, the ring is close to focusing at the center of the galaxy. The intensity of the magnetic field is reinforced.

Fig.33: The ring of plasma transforms into a hot sphere, in which the Lawson conditions are immediately reached. The gravitational energy, carried by the density wave, is now converted into thermal energy. Fusion occurs in the entire volume of the plasma sphere.

Fig.34: The (reinforced) magnetic dipole acts like a natural particle accelerator. Two beams form, where particles reach relativistic velocities. We get a very satisfactory model of a quasar, of an active galaxy's nucleus (Seyfert galaxy).

Fig.35: How a galaxy could look like, after a QSO formation.

...There is something important to point out. A very small reinforcement of the gravitational confinement effect, due to the change of the value of the apparent mass of twin matter, can create a density wave, which behaves like a shock wave, because the random velocities of the interstellar clouds (which play the role of the speed of sound) are small (1 km/s). Anyway, the involved energy is sufficient to raise the temperature and the density of a sphere of interstellar gas (as a result of the focusing of a ring-like density wave) to physical conditions corresponding to the Lawson criterion. Then: if these conditions are achieved in a sphere whose size is comparable to that of the solar system, the emitted energy will correspond to the typical energy emission of a QSO.

...This is not such a stupid model for a QSO, is it? It implies an interaction between our universe and its twin brother, the "twin universe". What could be the observational test? We think that this process changes the redshift value.

Fig.36: Conjectured relation between distance and redshift, for two populations:
Irregular galaxies and Seyfert galaxies.

...In short, the two values of the Hubble constant, based on irregular and Seyfert galaxies, would be significantly different.

...In general, over time, the "Hubble field" becomes less and less regular and isotropic. Turbulence arises everywhere, even if people call it "the effect of the Great Attractor", and so on. Then the question becomes:

• Does it correspond to a simple turbulence or to the effect of a more complex mechanism, involving interacting universes?

The future will bring the answer.

...What could be the effect on interstellar travels by "hyperspace transfer" and the use of the twin universe as an express subway? If it is true, what happens on a large scale would also happen on a small scale. Joint metric fluctuations can occur at any scales, so that, if travelers decide to use the twin universe as an express subway, they could find different physical conditions in this last, in time. At certain periods, the travel time could be shortened, at others, longer. If one day the inhabitants of Earth decide to explore neighboring systems through this technology, this exploration would strongly depend on some sort of "meteocosmic conditions", depending on the interaction between our universe and its twin.

7 - What is speculative and what is not?

...The reader will think: all that is very speculative. I agree with him. But black holes, "giant", "typical" or "dwarf" are also speculative. The idea of dark matter remains entirely speculative. Why?

...We observe strong gravitational effects. As the observed mass of galaxies and galaxy clusters is too small to produce such phenomena, we conclude that this must be the absolute proof that dark matter is present in our universe and forms 90% of its content. However, note that the twin universe theory offers an alternative interpretation [8]. ...These strong, anomalous gravitational effects were evidenced since 1985. One of the pioneers in this field is the French astronomer Meillier. With his colleague Fort (director of the Institute of Astrophysics of Paris), he has developed a computational analysis of the observed anomalous gravitational effects, which is supposed to replace dark matter. This first map, corresponding to a square degree of the sky, was presented by the two in 1999.

Fig.37: First 3D dark matter map, after Fort and Meillier, 1999.

...In blue, the galaxy clusters. In red: the distribution of dark matter. In yellow: the trajectory of photons. One year after Fort and Meillier revealed that their analysis raised some problems since 1994, see the recent interview of Fort [16]. The analysis carried out by Fort and Meillier revealed the existence of strong matter concentrations (up to 10¹⁴ solar masses) in completely dark regions. One of these is shown in figure 38.

Fig.38: A "dark cluster", whose mass would be 10¹⁴ solar masses (red arrow).
On the left, the Abell 1942 cluster of galaxies (CFHT image).

...Currently, Fort and Meillier have identified two "dark clusters" in a square degree portion of the sky (that's how they named these paradoxical objects). As suggested by Fort, such clusters would be composed only of "exotic matter" and he admits how puzzled he is about the way such a huge amount of matter could attract only exotic matter, without normal galaxies or gas, through gravitational force. If this is confirmed, the complete analysis of the sky would bring... 10,000 "dark clusters".

...As we see, the so-called theory of dark matter is far from being clarified. Anyway, there are many puzzling phenomena in the universe: QSO, gamma flashes, solar neutrino deficit, missing mass effect, "silent giant black holes", and so on....

..."Official" astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology have been converted into such a mess that any speculation becomes authorized. So, let's return to the twin universe theory, and the "speculative" transfer of mass towards the twin universe when a neutron star exceeds its stability limit. We said that in the case of a binary neutron star collapse, the result could be a "twin neutron star", "located in the twin space" (geometrically invisible), surrounded by residual gas located in our space. The dynamics of such a pair is definitely unconventional. The surrounding gas, self-attracting, is repelled by the invisible central object. Without any energy source, it would rapidly cool by radiative processes, reaching the temperature of the general cosmic background (2.7 °K). Do such cold clouds exist? Good question, to be asked to astronomers.

...If they do, what could be the impact on such a cloud of joint metric fluctuations, which would modify the apparent mass of the small central object. We are currently studying this, with my colleague Pierre Midy. So far, we see that this would cause induced electromagnetic effects in the cold gas, which would be subjected to a time-dependent magnetic field. This would polarize the filaments of solid material composing some of those cold clouds. When the magnetic field would reverse, its value would be zero for a relatively short time. This would make the polarization disappear and abruptly cool the temperature of the gas volume, close to zero Kelvin, due to the nuclear magnetic resonance effect. All that could be measurable, of course, if it occurs.