מוכנים להרוג
מוכנים להרוג
5 באוקטובר 2007
** **** ** - Killology, מאמר ויקיפדיה
מקור: 30 באוגוסט 2006, planetnonviolence.org הקילולוגיה: מדע מה בדיוק נדרש כדי להרוג מישהו?
הנה מה שסמל אמריקני מהטקסס המערבי, סטיבן גרין, בן 21, מתאר כששחזר ורצח אדם שסירב לעצור בנקודת בדיקה באירק:
- זה היה פשוט לא משהו. כאן להרוג אנשים זה כמו למחוץ מטושטש. אני מתכוון, אתה מרגיע מישהו, וזה כמו «אוקיי, בוא נלך ללקוח פיצה», אמר לכתב הצבא "סטרס אנד סטריפס". אני מתכוון, חשבתי שרציחה תהיה חוויה שתשנה את חיי. ואז עשיתי את זה, ואז זה היה כמו «אוקיי, והלאה.
הסמל הזה הושם לאחרונה תחתיו תביעה ונאסר על תקיפת ילדה עיראקית בת 14, אבר קאסם אל-ג'נבי, שנענתה שוב ושוב, לאחר מכן הורגת, גופה הופעלה באש. אביה, אמה, אחותה גם הורגו. מעשים חניפים שקרו ב-12 במרץ בישוב קרוב לבגדד, מוחמדיה, ו不幸, הם לא המקרים היחידים שנרשמו במלחמה האמריקאית לכבוש באירק.
למעשה, המוח של בני אדם – אלא אם הם נופלים לקטגוריה של פסיכופתים – מותאם לא להרוג בני אדם אחרים. כמו ציפורים שמאבדות את חייהן של מינים אחרים אך מתחרות זו עם זו רק על ידי הרגעה, בני אדם במרבית המקרים מתנגדים להרג. פירוט של דרוויניזם ניאלי שמאמר שבני אדם נולדו וחיים רק כדי להרוג זה את זה במסגרת "בקרת טבע", שנועדה להגביר את חוק החזק.
לכן, אלה, ארגונים ואנשים שמאחורייהם, שנותרים בחיים, חיים, ומאושרים מה"ממלכת הטרור", מנסים למצוא דרכים להפוך את הטרנדים השלום. מרכזים צבאיים, דרך ארגונים פוליטיים ואפילו מועדוני הגנה עצמית, כל אחד מהם מחפשים בקביעות דרכים חדשות ויעילות יותר להשמיד את הנחת הדם האנושית להרוג אדם אחר.
למעשה מדובר במעבדת המוח כדי שיתנהג אוטומטית במצבים מסוימים להרוג.
כך, חיילים אמריקנים מתאמן על מטרות מלאות בקetchup כדי להדפיס את הדרך בה一颗 כדור שוקע בראשה של אדם גורם להפוצץ ולבזבז. מסיבות מתקדמות עם שירים של תרגול כמו: "להרוג, להרוג, להרוג". סימולציות באמצעות משחקים וידאו מאפשרות לאלה שמביאים את "ההרג" לזכות בנקודות. יש מאות טכניקות לפי מומחים שמאפשרות לערוך מחדש את המוח האנושי.
תהליכי הערכת מחדש אלו הם מה שמכונה קילולוגיה.
"כשהליך הירי מתחיל, מרבית הלחמים עוצרים לחשוב באמצעות החלק הקדמי של המוח (החלק של המוח שמייצר מאיתנו בני אדם) ומתחילים לחשוב עם המוח הממוצע (החלק הדרמטי של המוח שמשווה לשל חיות), לפי לוטננט קולונל בפנסיה דב גרוסמן, רנג'ר לשעבר של הצבא האמריקאי, מרצה במדעי הצבא בקולג' הצבאי ווסט פואנט, ומי שהמציא את המילה קילולוגיה. "במצבים של סכסוך, ניתן לראות את השימוש במוח הממוצע הדרמטי שם קיימת התנגדות חזקה להרוג מישהו משלו... זהו מנגנון חיוני לשרידות שמונע מזנים להרוס את עצמם במהלך סכסוכי אזורים ורגליים של זוגיות".
לפי גרוסמן, הדרך היחידה להשמיע את המוח הממוצע היא התאמה לפי פאולוב.
הצורך למצוא שיטות חדשות להתאמה להרג הופיע כאשר חוקרים הבחינו שרוב אלה ש entrenados להרוג באמצעות מנגנונים אחרים, סירבו בד悄悄 להרוג.
במהלך המלחמה העולם השנייה, כשחיילים אמריקנים היו במצב להרוג מלחינים אויבים, רק אחד מתוך חמשה ירה, לפי מחקר מפוקס ומשדר, של ההיסטוריון של הצבא, גנרל מילואים S.LA Marshall. זה לא היה מחוסר עוז, אלא להיפך, כי הם ידעו לבצע משימות מסוכנות במיוחד, במיוחד לרוץ על שדות מלחמה להציל את חבריהם, לפעמים במקומם שבו הם היו בסיכון לחייהם כשלא ירו. לכן, ברגע של ירי, הם לא יכלו לעשות את זה.
למרות שחלק מהחוקרים ספקו את הפורמט, אחרים סיכמו כמוו ש"הפחד להרוג במקום להילחם היה הסיבה הנפוצה ביותר לאי הצלחה במשימות במרחבי המלחמה".
גרוסמן, כשחזר יותר רחוק בהיסטוריה של ארצות הברית, הבחין: "האנציקלופדיה של אוספי מלחמת האזרחים" מציינת על רובה שנמצא לאחר הקרב בג'טיזבורג, ש-90% מהם עדיין היו מטענים, ו-50% מהם היו מטענים מרובים. זה אומר שבהקשר של מלחמות כאלה, החיילים עבדו 95% מהזמן על טעינת הרובה ו-5% על ירי, כך שרוב הרובים המטענים מוכיחים שחיילים עבדו כאילו טענו אותם, כדי לא להיחשף לחבריהם.
מטפלים נפשיים שמסייעים לצבא ולשירותי המשטרה בארצות הברית התחילו ללחוץ על שינוי כדי לשבור את תהליך התרגול כדי לשפר את שיעור "ההרג". שיטותיהם – מוכרות לאלה שמנוהלים מרכזים צבאיים, פוליטיים וקבוצות הגנה עצמית עקשניות – נשארות סודיות לעולם החיצוני אך, הן עובדות לפי הראיות.
המנהל של הצבא שיפר את שיעורי ההצלחה בירי. לפי מחקרים מסוימים, במהלך מלחמת קוריאה, 55% מהחיילים האמריקנים ירו על מלחינים אויבים, במלחמת וייטנאם, השיעור הגיע ל-90%. אחד השינויים הגדולים היה להפסיק לתרגל לירות במשהו רחוק בלב בקר. היום, "המשתתפים להרג" מתאמנים במצבים שקרבים למציאות, לפי שיטות שפאוולוב ו- B.F Skinner יכירו מיד כשיטות לשינוי התנהגות. המטרות הן בצורת אדם שמופיעות לפתע, עם פנים שנעשו מפוליאוריתן על בלונים מונחים בצורת גוף בלבוש. מי שמתאמן learns to detect the target and shoot almost instinctively, and is rewarded with points, badges, and days off. Repeatedly practiced, these "killing exercises" build muscle memory and accustom the brain to killing.
But most aspiring killers have behind them years of moral training reinforcing the commandment "thou shalt not kill." Removing this is one of the challenges of killology.
Some training methods focus on killing using rational justifications such as: "we must eliminate the enemy because he 'threatens the American way of life' or 'is fighting against freedom' or simply 'tries to kill innocent people.' But the main goal of these numerous programs is to make killing more acceptable – even socially acceptable and desirable.
The use of bloody language such as "you want to rip out his eyes, tear apart his love machine, you want to destroy him... you want to send him back home, to his mother, in a plastic bag," this kind of language helps to "desensitize soldiers to the enemy's suffering" and at the same time they are indoctrinated in the most explicit way possible, unlike previous generations of soldiers. What is asked of them is not only "to be brave and fight well," but also to "kill people," according to military historian Gwynne Dyer in his book "War: A Lethal Custom."
Another technique is to create a physical and emotional distance between the killer and the target by developing a sense of "us" versus "them." While physical distance can be established using bombs, rocket launchers, and even night vision equipment reducing humans to nothing but fleeting green shadows, building an emotional distance often happens by categorizing targets differently based on their race, ethnicity, or religion. The army does everything possible to deny the humanity of enemy combatants, and avoids recalling events such as Christmas 1914, when German and British soldiers found themselves in trenches during a truce initiated by them to share candy and cigarettes and also to play a game of football.
In his autobiography, elite marine sniper Jack Coughlin writes from Iraq: "So far in this war, I've fired six times and killed six people – exactly the right rate. I considered the Iraqi soldiers, poorly trained, as hamburgers in my scope, begging me to kill them, and I was more than ready to grant their wishes." Social dynamics also play a major role in the lives of killers, their camaraderie with other killers for example. Some studies show that their greatest fear on a battlefield or under fire is not dying but letting down their buddies – a powerful motivation to kill.
And finally, these institutions, the army and the police, function based on strict rules that higher authorities must enforce. Killing is an order that must be obeyed. According to a famous experiment conducted by Harvard professor Stanley Milgram, two-thirds of people would be willing to administer electric shocks to others up to 450 volts, a lethal shock, simply because a scientific authority ordered them to do so.
The negative socio-psychological impact of this kind of training, once the person returns to civilian life, is no longer in question. In the United States, for example, thousands of veterans, unable to reintegrate into civilian life, end up as homeless. Some Israeli soldiers, once their service is over, escape by going to India to forget, in the smoke of drugs, the crimes they committed in the occupied Palestinian territories.
Humans are not made to kill their fellow humans.
Conditioning to do so, once they find themselves alone with their conscience, is a flight forward toward self-destruction.
Source of some information: an article by journalist Vikki Haddok from the San Francisco Chronicle www.sfgate.com dated August 13, 2006 titled "The science of creating killers. Human reluctance to take a life can be reversed through training in the method known as killology" Other documentary sources:
Source: 30 August 2006, planetnonviolence.org Killology: A Science What exactly is required to kill someone?
Here is what a 21-year-old American soldier from West Texas, Steven Green, describes when he fired and killed a man who refused to stop at a checkpoint in Iraq:
- It was nothing. Here, killing people is like squashing an ant. I mean, you kill someone, and it's like "okay, let's go get a pizza," he said to the military newspaper Stars and Stripes. I mean, I thought killing someone would be an experience that would change my life. And then I did it, and then it was like "okay, and then what."
This soldier was recently accused and charged with raping a 14-year-old Iraqi girl, Abeer Qassim al-Janabi, repeatedly raped and then killed, her body burned. Her father, mother, and sister were also killed. Brutal acts that occurred on March 12 in a village near Baghdad, Mahmoudiya, and which, unfortunately, are not the only cases reported in this American occupation war in Iraq.
In fact, the human brain – unless they fall into the category of psychopaths – is wired not to kill other human beings. Like snakes that kill other species but fight among themselves only to knock each other out, humans in the vast majority of cases refuse to resort to homicide. A debunking of nihilistic Darwinism that claims humans are born and live only to kill each other within the framework of "natural selection," aiming to triumph the law of the strongest.
That's why those, institutions and individuals serving them, who survive, live, and profit from the "reign of terror," go to great lengths to find methods to reverse these pacifist tendencies. Military camps, through police institutions and even some self-defense clubs, are constantly searching for new, more effective methods to suppress this human aversion to killing another human being.
In fact, it's about reformatting the brain so that it automatically reacts in certain situations to kill.
Thus, American soldiers train on targets filled with ketchup to mimic how a bullet hitting a human head causes it to explode and bleed. Marches are organized with training chants like: "kill, kill, kill." Simulations through video games allow those who succeed in their "shots" to earn points. There are hundreds of techniques, according to experts, that allow the human brain to be reconditioned.
These reconditioning processes constitute what is called killology.
"Once the bullets start flying, most combatants stop thinking using the frontal part of the brain (the part of the brain that makes us human) and start thinking with the middle brain (the primitive part of the brain that is the same as that of an animal)," according to retired Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman, a former Army Ranger, professor of military science at West Point Military Academy, and the man who coined the word killology. "In conflict situations, this use of the primitive middle brain can be observed where there is a strong resistance to killing someone of one's own species... It's an essential survival mechanism that prevents species from self-destructing during territorial conflicts and mating rituals."
For Grossman, the only way to silence the middle brain is Pavlovian conditioning.
The need to find new methods to condition to kill became apparent when researchers noticed that most of those trained to kill using other mechanisms, secretly refused to kill.
During World War II, when American soldiers were in a position to kill enemy combatants, only 1 in 5 fired, according to a controversial and sensational study by Army historian Brigadier General S.L.A. Marshall. It wasn't cowardice; on the contrary, they undertook extremely dangerous missions, especially running across battlefields to save their comrades, sometimes placing themselves in situations where they risked their lives by refusing to fire. Thus, when it came time to shoot, they couldn't do it.
Although some researchers have questioned his methodology, others concluded as he did that "fear of killing rather than fear of being killed was the most common reason for individual failures on battlefields."
Grossman, going further back into U.S. history, noted: "The Encyclopedia of Civil War Collectors" mentions rifles found after the Battle of Gettysburg, 90% of which were still loaded, and 50% of which had multiple shots. This means that given that in such battles, soldiers spent 95% of their time loading their rifles and only 5% firing, so many loaded rifles prove that soldiers were spending their time pretending to load them, so as not to draw attention from their comrades.
Psychologists advising the army and police departments in the U.S. began pressuring for changes to revolutionize training to improve the "killing rate." Their methods—familiar to those running military, police, and aggressive self-defense training camps—remain mysterious to the outside world but, they reportedly work.
The Pentagon has improved shooting success rates. According to some studies, during the Korean War, 55% of U.S. soldiers fired at enemy combatants, in the Vietnam War, the rate had reached 90%. One radical change was to stop training to shoot at the eye of a bull from a distance. Today, "apprentice killers" train in simulated situations close to reality and using methods instantly recognizable by Pavlov and B.F. Skinner as behavioral modification techniques. Targets have human shapes that appear unexpectedly, with faces made of polyurethane fixed on inflatable balloons shaped like bodies wearing uniforms. The trainee learns to detect the target and shoot almost instinctively, and is rewarded with points, badges, and days off. Repeatedly practiced, these "killing exercises" build muscle memory and habituate the brain to killing.
But most apprentice killers have years of moral training reinforcing the commandment "thou shalt not kill." Removing this is one of the challenges of killology.
Some training methods focus on killing using rational justifications such as: "we must eliminate the enemy because he 'threatens the American way of life' or 'is fighting against freedom' or simply 'tries to kill innocent people.' But the main goal of these numerous programs is to make killing more acceptable – even socially acceptable and desirable.
The use of bloody language such as "you want to rip out his eyes, tear apart his love machine, you want to destroy him... you want to send him back home, to his mother, in a plastic bag," this kind of language helps to "desensitize soldiers to the enemy's suffering" and at the same time they are indoctrinated in the most explicit way possible, unlike previous generations of soldiers. What is asked of them is not only "to be brave and fight well," but also to "kill people," according to military historian Gwynne Dyer in his book "War: A Lethal Custom."
Another technique is to create a physical and emotional distance between the killer and the target by developing a sense of "us" versus "them." While physical distance can be established using bombs, rocket launchers, and even night vision equipment reducing humans to nothing but fleeting green shadows, building an emotional distance often happens by categorizing targets differently based on their race, ethnicity, or religion. The army does everything possible to deny the humanity of enemy combatants, and avoids recalling events such as Christmas 1914, when German and British soldiers found themselves in trenches during a truce initiated by them to share candy and cigarettes and also to play a game of football.
In his autobiography, elite marine sniper Jack Coughlin writes from Iraq: "So far in this war, I've fired six times and killed six people – exactly the right rate. I considered the Iraqi soldiers, poorly trained, as hamburgers in my scope, begging me to kill them, and I was more than ready to grant their wishes." Social dynamics also play a major role in the lives of killers, their camaraderie with other killers for example. Some studies show that their greatest fear on a battlefield or under fire is not dying but letting down their buddies – a powerful motivation to kill.
And finally, these institutions, the army and the police, function based on strict rules that higher authorities must enforce. Killing is an order that must be obeyed. According to a famous experiment conducted by Harvard professor Stanley Milgram, two-thirds of people would be willing to administer electric shocks to others up to 450 volts, a lethal shock, simply because a scientific authority ordered them to do so.
The negative socio-psychological impact of this kind of training, once the person returns to civilian life, is no longer in question. In the United States, for example, thousands of veterans, unable to reintegrate into civilian life, end up as homeless. Some Israeli soldiers, once their service is over, escape by going to India to forget, in the smoke of drugs, the crimes they committed in the occupied Palestinian territories.
Humans are not made to kill their fellow humans.
Conditioning to do so, once they find themselves alone with their conscience, is a flight forward toward self-destruction.
Source of some information: an article by journalist Vikki Haddok from the San Francisco Chronicle www.sfgate.com dated August 13, 2006 titled "The science of creating killers. Human reluctance to take a life can be reversed through training in the method known as killology" Other documentary sources:
I remember seeing a documentary on the subject, where we interviewed soldiers who had actually killed in the course of their strange profession, sometimes a staggering number of individuals, legally, in the course of their mission, "doing their duty." One of them, an American, had enlisted in Vietnam at twenty, along with a few college friends, just "to see the world and live adventures." The first engagement had been decisive. He had seen his friends, his bunkmates, die instantly, in seconds, under the fire of an invisible machine gun. Hatred had then taken hold of him. He had fought, killed "to avenge his comrades." Later he admitted taking pleasure in this activity and became a combat helicopter pilot. He admitted that firing rockets at enemy positions became, over time, "as pleasurable as ejaculating." Fighting had become for him a real drug, shared by many of his comrades. He admitted having re-enlisted, unable to adapt to another way of life, to civilian life. Death had become for him a job like any other, the only one he could perform. At retirement, he described himself as extremely unbalanced, psychologically destroyed, beyond repair.
An Israeli officer recounted a more pathetic episode. During a patrol, with a few others, they found themselves in contact, just a few meters away, with other soldiers they had mistaken for Israelis. They even saluted each other with a nod, from a few meters away. Then, after a brief moment, the confusion cleared and the weapons spoke, to the benefit of the soldiers of Tsahal, better trained. The man recounted that in seconds these "neighbors," these young men, turned into bodies riddled with bullets at close range, dying, vomiting blood, eyes rolled back. He too vomited. Then "life resumed its course," and as war, in these regions, is not a pleasure, he eventually became accustomed to this strange "job," "this way of doing one's duty."
In all countries, under all colors, the stories are the same. So we must look upstream, at the source of violence: hunger, frustration, greed, ambition, resentment, arrogance or humiliation. Afterwards, it's all just a