7 - Possible interaction between out space and the twin space.
A quasar's model ?
...We presently study possible joint metric variations.
According to such an idea, the ratios of the distances, the ratio of local values
of the velocity of the photons in the two universe, the ratios of all physical
constants could vary over space and time. We know that only gravitational effects
can be "observed" from our fold. If there is some joint metric fluctuation,
we cannot experience it with some local physical experience, for the phenomenon
modifies both the quantities that we would like to measure and the... instruments.
A good image would be an attempt to measure the dilatation of a table made of
iron, due to the variation of the temperature of the room, using a scale made
of the same metal. The measured value would be unchanged.
...Extracosmological fluctuations would change
the value of the "apparent masses", located in the twin space. We
know (if we decide to believe in our model) that the galaxies are confinemed
by some "invisible belt" : the surrounding and geometrically invisible
twin matter, which produce a counterpressure effect on them. If a joint metric
flucuation changes the value of the surrounding matter density, two cases can
occur :
-
If this density is lowered, the confinement becomes inefficient and we get
an irregular galaxy. -
If the density is raised, the confinment force is hardened. The the mass
of the galaxy undergoes a "gravitational compression". The map of
the gravitational field is changed. A density wave may form in interstellar
gas, ring like.
...A galaxy is a self gravitating system, in which
stars and interstellar gas orbit in the gravitational field created by the whole
mass distribution. According to our theory (which explains the flatness of the
rotation curve of the gas at distance). We can figure it, in 2d as a fluid orbiting,
circling inside some sort of flat basin :
Fig.24 : A model of self-gravitating system : a fluid circling
in a basin.
...A modification of the apparent mass of twin
matter ban be figured by a modification of the shape of the basin. If this apparent
mass is lowered, due to joint metric fluctuations, we get :
Fig.25 : Formation of an irregular galaxy
...Conversely, if the apparent mass
of the twin matter is lowered, we get this :
Fig.26 : Formation of a density wave, in gas, due to the
"strenghtening of the invisible belt",
to the increase of the apparent mass of surrounding confining twin matter.
...On the next figure we suggest
the convergence of this density wave towards the center of the galaxy. All around,
the invisible surrounding and confining twin matter.
Fig.27 : Propagation of a ring-like
density wave in interstellar gas.
.
Fig.28 : Returning to the 2d hydraulic
analogy : the circular breaking wave converges towards the center of the galaxy.
Fig.29 : The gravitational energy is
now converted.
..A density waves behaves like a
shock wave (for example the spiral arms of a galaxy) and trigger the birth of
new stars, which emit in UV. These last ionize the surrounding interstellar
gas. That's for we can observe spiral structures, where the gas react through
fluorescence phenomenon. A galaxy owns a (weak) magnetic field. Schematically
:
Fig.30 : Magnetic field of a galaxy.
Schematic description.
...If the Reynolds magnetic number
is large enough (its llocal value depends on the local value of the electrical
conductivity of the gas) the ring of gas (the ring-like density wave) will pull
the magnetic lines with it, as shown on figure 29.
Fig.31 : The self-focussing of the
ring-like density wave carries along
the magnetic lines, "frozen in" the plasma.
Fig.32: Here, the ring is close to
focuss at the center of the galaxy.
The intensity of the magnetic field is reinforced.
Fig.33 : The ring of plasma transforms
into a hot sphere, in which the Lawson conditions are immediately reached. The
gravitational energy, carried by the density wave, is now converted into thermal
energy. Fusion occurs in the whole bulk of the plasma sphère.
Fig.34 : The (reinforced)
magnetic dipole acts like a natural particle accelerator. Two beams form, where
particles get relativistic velocities. We get a very decent model of quasar,
of active galaxy's nucleus (Seyfert galaxy).
Fig.35 : How a galaxy could look like,
after a QSO formation.
...There is something important to
point out. Very small reinforcement of the gravitational confinement effect,
due the the change of the value of the apparent mass of twin matter can create
a density wave, which behaves like a shock wave, for the random velocities of
the insterstallar coulds (which plays the role of the sonic velocity) is small
( 1 km/s). Anyway, the involved energy is large enough to rise the temperature
and the density of a sphere made of interstellar gas (as the result of the focussing
of a ring-like density wave), into physical conditions corresponding to Lawson's
criterium. Next : is these conditions are achied in a sphere whose size is comparable
to the size of the solar system, the emitted energy will correspond to typical
QSO' energy emission.
...This is not a so stupid model
for QSO, insin't ? It implies an interaction between our universe and its twin
brother, the "twin universe". What could be the observational test
? We think that this processe changes the redshift value.
Fig.36 : Conjectured relation between
distance and redshit, for two populations :
Irregular galaxies and Seyfert galaxies.
...In a word, the two values of Hubble's
constant, based on irregular and Seyfert galaxies would be significantly different.
...In general, as time pass, the "hubble
field" becomes less and less regular and isotropic. Turbulence arises everywhere,
even if people call it "the effect of the Great Attractor", and so
on. Then the question becomes :
- Does it corresponds to a simple turbulence or is it the effect of a more
complex machinery, involving interacting universes ?
The future will bring the answer.
...What could be the effect on interstellar travels
by "hyperspace transfer" and use of the twin universe as an express
subway ? If it is true, what would happen at large scale would hold at small
scales too. Joint metric fluctuations can occur at any scales, so that, if travellers
décide to use the twin universe as an express subway, they could find
different physical conditions in this last, in time. At certain periods, the
travel time could be shortened, at another ones, larger. If people of the Earth
decide, someday, to explore neighbour systems, through such technology, this
exploiration could strongly depend of some sort of "meteocosmic conditions",
depending on the interaction of oyur universe and its twin.
7 - What is speculative and what is not ?
...The reader will think : all that is very speculative.
Iwill agree with him. But black holes, "giant", "typical"
or "dwarf" are speculative too. Dark matter idea is still fully speculative.
Why ?
...We observe strong gravitational effects. As
the observed mass, of galaxies and clusters of galaxies is too small to produce
such phenomena, we conclude that this must be the absolue proof that dark matter
is present in our universe and forms 90 % of its content. Notice, anyway, that
twin universe theory offers an alternative interpretation [8].
...These strong, anomalous gravitational effects
were evidenced since 1985. One of the pionneer in this field is the french astronomer
Meillier. With his collegue Fort (head of the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris)
he has developped a computational analysis of observed anomalous gravitational
effects which is supposed to mal the dark matter. Such first map, which corresponds
to a square degree of the sky was presented by the two in 1999.
Fig.37 : First 3d dark matter map,
after Fort and Meillier, 1999.
...In blue, the clusters of galaxies. Red : the
dark matter distribution. Yellow, the trajectory of photons. One year after
Fort and Meillier revealed that their analysis arose some problems, since 1994,
see the recent interview of Fort [16].
The analysis performed by Fort and Meillier revealed the existence of strong
matter concentrations (up to 1014 solar masses) in completely obscure
regions. One of those is shown on figure 38.
Fig.38 : A "dark
cluster", whose weight would be 1014
solar masses (red arrow).
Left the Abell 1942 cluster of galaxies (CFHT picture.
...Presently, Fort and Meillier have identified
two "dark clusters" in a square degree portion of the sky (that's
how they named these paradoxical objects). As suggested by Fort, such clusters
would be composed only of "exotic matter" and he confesses how he
is puzzled about the way such huge amount of matter could attract only exotoc
matter, no normal galaxies, nor gas, through gravitational force. If this is
confirmed, the complete analysis of the sky would bring... 10,000 "dark
clusters".
...As we see, the so-called theory of the dark
matter is far to have been cleared up. Anyway, they are a lot of puzzling phenomena
in universe : QSO, gamma flashes, solar neutrino deficit, missing mass effect,
"silent giant black holes", and so on....
..."Official" astronomy, astrophysics
and cosmology have been converted into such a mess than any speculation becomes
authorized. So, let's return to the twin universe theory, and "speculative"
transfer of mass towards twin universe, when a neutron star overcomes its stability
limit. We said that in the case of binary neutron star collapse, the result
could be a "twin neutron star", "located in the twin space"
(an geometrically invisible), surrounded by remnant gas, located in our space.The
dynamics of such couple is definitively unconventional. The surronding gas,
self attracting, being repelled by the invisible central object. For from any
energy source, it woul rapidly cool by radiative process, and get the temperature
of the general cosmic owen (2.7 °K). Do such cold clouds exist ? Good question,
to be asked to astronomers.
...If they do, what could be the impact on such
cloud of joint metric fluctuations, which would modify the apparent mass of
the small central object. We are presently studying that, with my collegue Pierre
Midy. As far as we can see, this would cause induced electromagnetic effects
in the cold gas, which would be sumited to a time dependent magnetic field.
This one would polarize the filaments of solid material composing some of those
cold clouds. When the magnetic field would be reversed, its value would be zero,during
a relatively short time. That would make the polarization to disappear and cool
abuptly the temperature of the gas bulk, close to zero Kelvin, due to nuclear
magnetic resonance effect. All that could mnesurable, it it occurs, of course.
