a4127
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反物质的几何定义。
...正如Souriau在1964年的《几何与相对论》(Éditions Hermann,第七章“五维相对论”)第413页所提到的,“第五维的反转对应于电荷共轭”。
...如果反物质符合狄拉克的定义,这是正确的。我们给出一个先验的几何定义来定义反物质。我们可以将空间表示为:
(368)
这可以如下图所示,以纤维化时空的形式表示:
(369)
...我们决定物质的运动对应于z i 的正值,而反物质的运动对应于z i 的负值,这对应于:
(370)
很容易修改该群,以将此包含进去。
(371)
这变成一个四分量群(l = ± 1)× 2(扩展的正时群有两个连通分支)。
分量(l = +1)是一个子群。
...显然,(l = -1)元素会改变额外变量的符号。我们决定它们对应于物质-反物质的对偶性,纯粹基于几何基础。
设:
(380)
那么我们可以更简洁地写成:
(381)
**l **= 1 对应于正时子群。
(382)
引入我们称之为“l-换位子”的概念:
(383)
它属于第二分量。但该第二分量中的任何元素都可以写成:
(384) go = glc × go
其中go 是该群正时分量的一个元素。
图示如下:
(385)
左边:运动空间,包含两个半空间,分别对应于
(z i > 0) 运动(物质)
和
(z i > 0) 运动(反物质)
两者之间:z i = 0 的运动(光子)。
...右边是四分量群。所有都是正时的。所有运动都对应正能量(见下文动量空间)。
将(l = -1)元素称为“反元素”。
我们已经画出了l-换位子的反元素。
...正常的正时元素将对应于正能量运动的动量J1+ 转变为另一个正能量运动的动量J2+。
...但反元素将正能量物质的运动转变为正能量反物质的运动(J1+ -----> J3+)在动量空间中。该图示点位于对应于反物质的象限中。
相应的路径在演化空间中表示如下:
(385b)
群的共伴作用的计算
(386)
在其动量空间上的结果为:
(387)
参见:
J.P. Petit 和 P. Midy:“通过群在其动量空间上的共伴作用对物质和反物质的几何化。2:狄拉克反物质的几何描述”。几何物理 B,2,1998年。
原始英文版本
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A geometrical definition of anti-matter.
...As mentioned by Souriau in 1964 in "Géometry and Relativité", Editions Hermann, chapter VII "La Relativité à Cinq Dimensions" ( the five dimensional relativity ), page 413, "the inversion of the fifth dimension corresponds to the charge conjugation".
...It is true if the anti-matter corresponds to Dirac's definition. Let us give an a priori geometric definition of anti-matter. We can figure space with dimensions :
(368)
This can be figured schematically as follows, with fibered space-time :
(369)
...We decide that matter's movements correspond to positive z i 's values and anti-matter's movements to negative ones, which corresponds to :
(370)
It is easy to modify the group in order to integrate this in it.
(371)
This becomes a four-components group ( l = ± 1 ) x 2 ( the extended orthochron group owns two connex components).
The component ( l = +1 ) is a sub-group.
...Clearly, the ( l = - 1 ) elements change the signs of the additional variables. We decide that it corresponds to matter anti-matter duality, on pure geometric grounds.
Let :
(380)
Then we can write, in a more compact way :
(381)
**l **= 1 corresponds to the orthochron sub-group.
(382)
Introduce what we will call a : " l-commuter " :
(383)
It belongs to the second component. But any element of this second component can be written :
(384) go = glc x go
being an element of the orthochron component of the group.
Schematically :
(385)
Left : the movement space, with two half-spaces, corresponding to
(z i > 0) movements ( matter )
and
(z i > 0) movements ( anti-matter )
Between the two the : z i = 0 movements ( photons ).
...Right, the four components group. All are orthochron. All movements correspond to positive energy ( below, momentum space ).
Call the ( l = - 1 ) elements "anti-elements".
We have figured the l-commuter anti-element.
...Normal orthochron elements transform a momentum corresponding to a positive energy movement J1+ into another positive energy movement J2+.
...But anti-elements transform positive energy matter's movement into positive energy anti-matter's movement ( J1+ -----> J3+ ) in momentum space. The figurative point is in the quarter which corresponds to anti-matter.
The corresponding paths are figured in the evolution space
(385b)
The calculation of the coadjoint action of the group
(386)
on its momentum gives :
(387)
see :
J.P.Petit and P.Midy : "Geometrization of matter and anti-matter through coadjoint action of a group on its momentum space. 2 : Geometrical description of Dirac's anti-matter". Geometrical Physics B, 2 , 1998.