Matrix, a metaphor for the modern world

Matrix

The Matrix

August 26, 2012

****September 11, 2012

****September 30, 2012: A Refined GESTO

October 1st, UFO-science: A 36-page editorial and a one-hour fifty-minute videohttp://www.ufo-science.com/wpf/

I recently rewatched the movie Matrix, released in 1999. Only the beginning of the film seems really interesting to me. But, no doubt for commercial reasons, the director had to mix the plot with spectacular fights. Kung-Fu and all that. The end of the movie starts with a high-speed massacre. Neo and Trinity shoot dozens of helmeted humans. Then it focuses on a final battle between "the chosen one" and "Agent Smith", each using their "super-powers". Accelerated strikes, special and spatial effects. Neo, the Christ of the 21st century, stops bullets with his mind, etc....

Boring, ordinary, but "necessarily commercial". Without that, the film probably wouldn't have succeeded.


The heroes of Matrix: Trinity, Neo and Morpheus

What I remember from this film is a very relevant allegory of the world we see developing more and more every day, before our eyes (but we will address this parallel after many digressions along the way).

What is the plot of the story? A young man, Neo, an IT specialist working in a large company, during the day, is a very skilled hacker, leading a double life. It is through his computer that he comes into contact with mysterious individuals, whose leader is a certain Morpheus.

At the same time that this group tries to establish contact with him, other equally mysterious characters, wearing dark glasses, and with an insurmountable coldness, take him and introduce an implant into his body through his navel.

One of the "agents" serving the Matrix

He wakes up in his apartment, wondering whether he has been the victim of an hallucination, whether this story of implant introduction corresponds to a bad dream.

It is then that the group around Morpheus takes him and takes him in a vehicle. A woman threatens him with a revolver, while the second applies an "implant extractor" on his navel. Neo then sees a bloody and moving thing, resembling an insect, end up in a transparent capsule.

- So it was true! he says ...

A choice is then offered to him. Either he follows the instructions he will be given, or he gets out of the vehicle.

He chooses the first option, and then finds himself facing Morpheus. He explains to him that his life he leads is not really real. He offers him to face reality, by making a choice, which he proposes to him. He has in his hands two pills. One blue, the other red. If he chooses the blue pill, the world will remain as he perceives it. If he chooses the red one, everything can then change, but this new state of consciousness will then become irreversible.

Neo chooses to swallow the red pill.

All of this reminds me of the presentation that the American billionaire Jimmy Walter gave of the first video investigation against the official version of the events of September 11, 2001, which had appeared on the net.

He, moreover, as far as I know, was quite seriously ill (I don't know what has become of him) had decided to spend some of the money he could afford to finance a conference that took place, I believe, at the Waldorf Astoria in New York. Walter had funded the arrival of dissenters, experts, as well as the recording and editing of this event. Then, from this, he had produced a large number of DVDs, distributed free of charge to anyone who wanted to request them.

I know that he came to France and spoke in front of journalists, distributing this document. He was surprised that they gave him no echo.

Finally, the last act of his enterprises, he paid for the hosting of a website, from which the film, "Confronting the Evidence" (Facing the Evidence), which lasted, I believe, three hours, was "viewable". The video file was also subtitled in a large number of languages.

At the time I had already published on my site a number of personal reflections on these events of September 11, 2001. When I saw this video appear, I immediately launched this call on my site:

- I don't personally know how to save this file. But, those who can do it, do it, because this site will not be long on the web.

This was done by a very small number of internet users. Two or three could save the image file and the corresponding audio files in French and English. Just in time, because I believe that it did not take more than forty-eight hours before the site where this video was accessible disappeared.

It was a significant event in the history of the internet. Censorship had not been fast enough. The fact that several internet users had set aside these files made it then very difficult to block them.

I believe that this gave rise to the site reopen 9/11

I still remember Jimmy Walter's presentation.

At one point, he said:

In part 1, when Jimmy Walter makes his presentation. At t = 3 min 33

[The short video, in avi](/VIDEOS/J.W. Pilule rouge.avi)

This brave Jimmy Walter says "get ready, the awakening will be brutal".

Walter was deluding himself. It was not brutal. Ten years later, in 2011,

there was no awakening at all.

**Everything in a single image. **

And in this other one:

Billions of human beings and millions in our country, went back to sleep, consuming artificial dreams in their individual baths filled with pink jelly. No echo in our press, to the point that I judged it useless, as for other subjects, to try to wake up my readers, deciding to focus the little energy I had left, at 75 years old, on the dangers of nuclear energy. It came to the point that the magazine inrockuptible recently sent me a young journalist, who came to investigate on "conspiracy theorists", of which I was one, she said (she had based herself on the "vox populi" of internet forums).

At the time when Walter's video was released, as I had not seen the movie Matrix, I had not understood the allusion. Today it has become very clear to me.

According to what I have read, both on Wikipedia and on the website of a humanitarian association that he sponsors, threatened, he lives outside the United States. Here are, immediately provided by a reader, the links to this video document, recorded in 2004, three years after the events and ... eight years ago.

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xecpx_911-confronting-the-evidence-1-3_news

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xecqv_911-confronting-the-evidence-2-3_news

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xecsa_911-confronting-the-evidence-3-3_news

Let's go back now to the movie Matrix. Having chosen this red pill, Neo will extract himself from this simulation of life in which he was trapped. I see this scene as a very strong allegory.

Instead of imagining that he lives as a simple programmer, working for a company, "paying his taxes and helping his landlady take out the trash", he ends up bathing in a sort of bathtub filled with pink liquid. His body is equipped with multiple tubes.

By looking around, he can see an unlimited number of human beings, kept in a similar situation, bathing in this pink juice, connected to a multitude of tubes.

Do you recognize yourself in one of these boxes? *I found this image very strong. *

He manages to escape from this sinister prison, and ends up "somewhere", in the company of Morpheus and his new companions. They "live" in a "ship", and have escaped what they call "the Matrix". Neo's body is covered with scars marking the places where multiple tubes ensured "his vital functions", his maintenance in this kind of pseudo-life.

After these people "reconstructed his muscles", begins then an initiatory journey, led by Morpheus. He goes back to the history, mentioning the fact that "the machines" would have taken power over a Earth that its human inhabitants would have devastated and turned into a heap of ruins.

"The machines", having become intelligent, would have realized that they could draw energy from human beings, a form of bio-energy, provided that they make them slaves, prisoners who would be fed with substances allowing their growth and allowing them "a form of life", totally virtual (we are running at large strides). In exchange, "these machines" would benefit from all this energy naturally released by the human bodies.

To keep them in this state of servitude, "these machines" would have created all sorts of interaction programs that would distill to these human beings, real vegetables, stimuli that they would perceive as "the world in which they live".

A "world" extremely well made, which could survive indefinitely, if it were not for some "rebels", led by Morpheus, having miraculously escaped from this servitude. Rebels who manage to contact other human beings, by pulling them from their zombie condition, as long as they accept to land in this "real life", which is not very pleasant. In the "ship", the comfort is reduced and the food is mediocre.

This world "of the machines" has secreted a kind of "police", tracking these rebels. These are not human beings, but location and destruction programs.

*A quite extraordinary vision, in the literal sense of the term. *

I would like, in what follows, to try to decode this allegory, and say how I see things.

Man: a symbiotic mammal

Since man learned to shape stones and make fire, since he has experienced this "extra-biological" development by developing technology, in all its forms, he has become a symbiotic creature, living in symbiosis with the machinery he created.

Initially, this symbiosis is limited to the body. His knives, his spears, are artificial claws. The clothes he creates protect him from the cold, become an artificial skin. This allows his survival. Very quickly, these extra-corporeal attributes become indispensable to him, vital. Without his weapons, he would be devoured. Without clothes, the cold would get the better of him.

Fire becomes an astonishing technological contribution. It gives him calories, in times of cold. Its light allows him to venture into dark places, like caves, and to live there. The cooking of food makes them more digestible. This "extra-corporeal digestion" opens up to man a wider range of food products.

At this stage, he is already completely symbiotic, in the sense that if you removed these attributes, or "gadgets", he would not survive.

He invents throwing weapons, killing at a distance, at ever greater distances. He handles poison, which allows him to overcome animals much stronger than himself. He invents defensive weapons: shields, armor.

The development of his articulated language does not come from a new symbiosis. Man only uses more effectively his phonation abilities, which primates do not have. His communication abilities are thus increased.

Writing is another step in the symbiotic. Writing means a material support. And this one immediately acquires the ability to spread messages in space and time. What the tribe, the group, transmits is no longer limited to an oral tradition, but contains unlimited possibilities.

The invention of paper, then of printing multiplies the possibilities of communication, and of "brainwashing", of vehicles for diverse and varied ideologies, of structuring sets of beliefs.

Development of the human-machine symbiosis

I saw a video recently on Watt's machine. Before this invention, man already knew how to use natural elements to obtain work force: a waterfall, the wind. He had also domesticated draft animals. Watt created the first real machine, which increases the human-machine symbiosis.

I believe that at this stage we can confidently jump to the modern era. Let's skip the countless consequences and variations resulting from the development of technology. Today, what is truly new?

If we are at the level of the Second World War, not much, in fact. The radio has replaced the courier or the homing pigeon and the bombers the ancient ballistae. It is only in 1945 that humanity enters a new phase of its human-machine symbiosis, with the appearance of the nuclear weapon, which quickly experiences a mad, hypertelic (translating an "exceeding of purpose" without precedent) development. Its non-use is due to the impossibility, until now, to miniaturize nuclear weapons. Whether it is fission or fusion weapons, we do not go beyond this lower threshold of 300 tons of TNT equivalent, necessary to constitute the critical mass.

For those who are unaware of this concept, a nuclear explosion, by fission, is triggered by a chain reaction when a given mass, called "critical mass", is assembled according to a compact geometry.

*- It is 48 kg for uranium 235 and 10 kg for plutonium 239. *

This mass can be reduced if the metal is compressed, under the effect of a very high pressure, created by explosives, arranged around the periphery of a hollow sphere, made of fissile material. This was first experimented on July 16, 1945 at Alamogordo, by exploding the "Gadget" device, spherical, hanging from a tower and constituting the Trinity test (Trinity). 24 days later, on August 9, 1945, an identical bomb in its functioning, named "Fat Man" (the fat man), was dropped on Nagasaki.

The plutonium device Fat Man

The "percussion" is made of heavy material, in this case uranium 238 (heavier than lead). When the fission starts, the fission plasma immediately expands, which moves the atoms apart and actually stops the chain reactions. Thus, only a small fraction of the fissile material undergoes fission reactions. In this regard, the A-bomb is a system with inertial confinement (thanks to the inertia of the "percussion").

It is common to believe that this second bombing was done to "test a plutonium bomb".

The first bomb in history, dropped on Hiroshima, was an uranium device.

Excerpt from Wikipedia: the structure of the uranium bomb "Little Boy"

It is not certain that this diagram is perfectly authentic. Indeed, it lacks something without which this bomb could not function. If the cannon's core was filled with air, its compression would oppose the assembly of the two uranium pieces. It would have been preferable to make a vacuum in it. With precautions to prevent air entry from triggering the projectile prematurely.

The plutonium bomb was the first tested, at Alamogordo, on US territory, on July 16, 1945 (test "Trinity"). It was a spherical device, named "Gadget", which exploded, suspended at the top of a tower.

The test of the first fission bomb, plutonium, at Alamogordo, on July 16, 1945

Plutonium 239, also fissile, had been synthesized (having a half-life of 24,000 years, it does not exist in nature on Earth) by running a uranium reactor, built at Hanford, on the banks of the Columbia River, at full power, producing fast neutrons, leading to the transmutation of non-fissile uranium 238 into fissile plutonium 239, which is. This development was extremely rapid. The first uranium reactor, built by the Italian Enrico Fermi, operated under the stands of the Chicago stadium, in 1942. It worked immediately, and was immediately extrapolated by a factor of a thousand.

Twenty four days after the same device, having received a covering, exploded above Nagasaki. This test was only carried out to assess the effect produced by the plutonium 239 bomb on buildings and on the civilian population. The first bomb, dropped on Hiroshima, could have sufficiently impressed the Japanese high command to lead to the surrender of the Japanese. In case this surrender was delayed, the second bomb could then be used.

I note in passing that uranium 235 and plutonium 239 are not the only atoms capable of giving rise to chain reactions, to "autocatalytic dissociations" (by the neutrons emitted).

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masse_critique_%28r%C3%A9action_nucl%C3%A9aire%29

but uranium 235 is the only fissile atom found in nature, in traces (0.7%) in the ore, due to its long enough half-life (700 million years). As we will see later, everything found in the Earth's crust was produced during the explosion of supernovae. Only elements with long enough half-lives have survived. The others are not found in the Earth's crust in their natural state.

Thanks to the system leading to the compression of a hollow sphere (essentially plutonium), the critical mass could be reduced to a few kilograms. But these weapons suffer from their power and their toxicity. It is then very difficult to use them without the attacker himself risking harmful radioactive fallout, due to the ejection, in the upper atmosphere of radioactive debris, due to the heat generated. It is also necessary to add the "balance of terror", "MAD" effect (mutual destruction assured).

We still use the nuclear weapon in the "discreet" form consisting of uranium 238 shells (called "depleted uranium"). It is the re-use of enrichment residues, from natural ore, which contains only 0.7% fissile uranium. The argument is that uranium 238 is both heavier than lead, and compact enough to penetrate thick armor.

But, apart from this penetrating power, uranium 238 is pyrophoric, it burns beautifully in the air, giving fumes that "the enemy", or "the civilian population to punish", or "to put in line" will breathe, or pulverized waste that will be ingested, with teratogenic effects.

There have been treaties regarding the use of anti-personnel mines, but nothing regarding this new weapon.

At this stage, a remark is required. The materials from which the terrestrial planets are made, solid, are the result of accretion of debris created by supernova explosions. Without developing a complete course on the mechanisms of nucleosynthesis, it should be noted that the primitive universe is composed of hydrogen nuclei, simple protons, mixed with electrons, all constituting a plasma.

Digression on nucleosynthesis

As long as the temperature of the cosmic soup is higher than a billion degrees, no nucleus can form. When this temperature drops below this threshold, after 3 minutes, helium forms. This is the first nucleosynthesis. It stops after 35 minutes, when the temperature drops below 300 million degrees. At the end of this process, the cosmos is composed of 75% hydrogen nuclei and 25% helium nuclei (two protons and two neutrons).

The universe then experiences a long period of latency. Nothing else can form. What will give rise to galaxies, then to stars, is a mechanism discovered by the Englishman Sir James Jeans (1877-1946): the gravitational instability

By consulting his page on Wikipedia, I discover some thoughts of his:

• The flow of knowledge points to a non-mechanical reality; the universe begins to resemble more a great thought than a machine. The mind no longer appears to be an accidental intruder in the domain of matter... we should rather greet it as the creator and governor of the domain of matter. - Life exists in the universe only because the carbon atom has certain exceptional properties.(excerpt from one of his many popular works: The mysterious universe). »

The carbon atom is tetravalent. It has the possibility to bond with different atoms, giving a crowd of components. These bonds can be formed, broken and modified at a temperature close to "normal temperature" i.e. between that of boiling water and that of melting ice, which gives biochemistry. We know that life can cope with temperatures close to these two extreme temperatures.

Buy quickly the Science et Vie of August 2012

This shift is historic. Page 64, the magazine mentions past issues, including two from the 2000s, where the idea of the uniqueness of Earth's life was still brandished.

But there, the magazine shifts. Terrestrial planets have been discovered, within the 800 exoplanets discovered in the last 15 years. Among them, candidates whose orbits would place them "in the water band".

The arguments?

- Water is found everywhere in the universe (page 58)

- Most planetary systems finally resemble our own. Flat systems (with an "ecliptic plane"), terrestrial planets close to the star, large gas giants in the periphery. Orbits of low eccentricity. In short, stable systems (page 59)

*- Life can colonize places previously considered uninhabitable. In the deep sea, bacteria develop near thermal vents where the temperature is around 100°C. The same regarding pressure, pH, and the acidic or basic nature of the environment (page 62). *

*- Supernovae are not so harmful (page 63). *

*- There is no need for a Moon to stabilize a planet's rotation and allow life to emerge (page 65). *

On this last point, the scientists' reasoning of the specialists invoked the chaos theory, the fact that the Earth's movement could be ... chaotic, unsuitable for the development of life. Only the presence of its satellite could stabilize its rotational movement. They forget that the "chaos theory" models the movement of planets as massive and rigid spheres. This theory overlooks dissipative mechanisms, on tidal effects. These tidal effects act on all celestial bodies, whether the Sun, or gas planets, or terrestrial planets. They result in a mixing of the medium (as plasma in the Sun, as gas, liquid or magma in the different planets), generating heat, which is then dissipated in space as radiation.

Now, these tidal effects are the key to the entire dynamics of the solar system. It is they who make the disorganized round of proto-planets around their solar star converge (very quickly). Among all these celestial bodies, the one that will impose the plane of the ecliptic, is the one that has the largest kinetic moment MRV, in this case Jupiter.

A Jupiter that will make the Sun adjust its axis of rotation to place it perpendicular to the orbit plane "of the king of the gods". Because the kinetic moment of Jupiter, corresponding to its rotation around the center of the solar system, is greater than that of the Sun, which is also rotating around this center.

The planets exchange energy by tidal effect, using the amorphous mass of the Sun as a resonator. Souriau calculated that the planets raise the surface of the Sun by one centimeter, which is enormous. Every planet creates this tidal effect on the Sun which, not being solid, "responds" to any solicitation, from wherever it comes. The gravitational field is thus modified and this modification is perceived by all the bodies orbiting around the Sun. It is thus that the planets exchange energy "via the Sun". As this effect varies as the inverse of the cube of the distance, Saturn acts as much on the orbit of Mercury as Mercury on the orbit of Saturn. The orbits lie in the plane of the ecliptic and become circular. The axes of rotation of the planets evolve to be placed perpendicular to the plane that will now contain the most matter, the plane of the ecliptic. As the planets rotate, this realignment of their rotation axes can only be done very gradually. Hence a movement of precession.

Do you want to have an idea of this precession movement? Buy a small gyroscope in the first toy store you come across, and instead of putting it on a table, hang it from a string, you will see it do this:

Precession movement of the axis of the suspended gyroscope
whose axis tends to become vertical

Keep in mind that one day it will be necessary to find an explanation for the various anomalies presented by the solar system, such as the fact that the axis of rotation of Uranus, a giant planet, is completely tilted on the plane of the ecliptic.

Moving on....

The explosion in the number of exoplanets

From this, very quickly, a statistical calculation: the universe would contain

Interesting detail, which will be noted by those who know: it seems that the "viable" planets orbit around the most common stars in our galaxy, which are not identical to our sun. Page 60, it says "in eight years, the Harps spectrograph has indeed recruited 102 stars, called red dwarfs, discovered 9 rocky planets, and offered them a fundamental number: 41% of red dwarf stars have a rocky planet in the habitable zone. These are stars ten times less massive than the Sun and 100 times less emissive. Yet these stars represent 80% of the stars in the Milky Way, which would contain dozens of billions of habitable planets! ".

Red dwarf stars have surface temperatures below 4000°, while that of the sun is 5,750°.

Being less emissive, for the planet to be in the water band, it must be closer. Since the square of the orbital periods varies as the cube of the major axes, the year of these planets will also be shorter than ours. If the axis of rotation is inclined with respect to the plane of rotation, the seasons will be ... shorter! How much? Do the calculation with a factor of 100 on the insolation. The radius of the orbit is ten times smaller than that of the Earth's orbit. The period of rotation is 31 times smaller than that of the Earth's orbit, which gives years of 12 days, and seasons of 3 days!

If life developed preferentially on planets, orbiting in the water band, around stars less hot, less emissive than our sun, this would mean that the majority of life-bearing planets would not experience the phenomenon of seasons. Simple remark.

Obviously, the higher the surface temperature of the star, the longer the "year". We would go from dozens of days to a few months. Why not?

What is interesting is that instead of wasting time waiting, at Arecibo, for an eventual message sent by an extraterrestrial civilization, with a means as primitive and as slow as radio waves, astronomers have focused on the search for a measurement providing precision on the atmosphere of one of these planets, in case of eclipse. If the spectroscopic data reveal the presence of free oxygen, of various "bio-markers", it will betray the presence of life on this planet.

In what form of life? That is the question. The imaginative capacity of our science journalists then falters. We read, page 73:

*- If there is a unicellular life, there is a possibility that it becomes multicellular. Then an entire ecosystem could develop, with many different species (page 71). *

What boldness, vindictive!

Mentalities evolve slowly. Hubert Reeves, now 80 years old, has even noticed that Nature, at the atomic and molecular level, shows little imagination. Are there then preferential paths, taken by life, he wonders? Since formic acid is found in interstellar clouds, why not evoke such a lack of imagination at the level of development of these multicellular beings. From there to considering that human-like beings emerge elsewhere, with two eyes, two arms, two legs, it's only a step.

Well, I imagine that we'll have to wait another good two weeks before this devastating idea appears in this magazine. Let's not go further down this slippery slope, which generates excommunication.

Nucleosynthesis still

Before talking about "The Matrix," let's quickly mention its material support. When stars form, nucleosynthesis resumes. In the heart of stars, hydrogen atoms fuse to produce helium. This occurs in two different ways, depending on the star's mass. In stars of moderate mass, this synthesis occurs directly. You will find the diagram of this process, called "proton-proton chain" in

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_nucl%C3%A9aire

In stars with higher mass, helium is produced through a "Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen" cycle where carbon acts as a catalyst (it is recycled in each cycle).

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_carbone-azote-oxyg%C3%A8ne

I translated the book "The Stars" from English in 1989, from the Time-Life collection.

**Translated from English by ... Jean-Pierre Petit **

If some find this book, with a gray cover, in a library or second-hand, they can discover my name on the last page, in small letters. The iconography was terrible, but the text fascinated me.

On the web:

****http://www.amazon.fr/Les-Etoiles-Time-Life-Books/dp/273440480X

Flipping through the copy I have, I find data. Massive stars, whose mass exceeds 8-12 solar masses, "burn their hydrogen from both ends." In the end, in less than a million years, they have exhausted this "fusion fuel."

The atoms of helium then fuse to give heavier elements: carbon (12 nucleons, in fact an "assembly" of three helium nuclei),

and oxygen. (16 nucleons: the assembly of four helium nuclei).

The fusion reactions then create neon (20 nucleons, 10 protons and 10 neutrons, the equivalent of the assembly of five helium nuclei),

and magnesium (24 nucleons, 12 protons and 12 neutrons: the equivalent of the assembly of six helium nuclei).

Then silicon forms: (28 nucleons, 14 protons and 14 neutrons, the equivalent of the assembly of seven helium nuclei).

and sulfur: (32 nucleons, 16 protons and 16 neutrons, the equivalent of the assembly of eight helium nuclei).

- The synthesis of oxygen and carbon: one million years

- That of neon and magnesium: a thousand years

- That of silicon and sulfur: less than a year

The star then resembles an onion, with elements distributed in successive layers, ordered by their mass.

This is where things get bad. In a few days, silicon and sulfur give iron. Up to that point, the fusion reactions were exo-energetic. This energy release heated the star's core, and the resulting pressure was able to counteract a collapse caused by gravitational force. For things to continue along this logic, iron would have to be able to combine with any element present in the star to continue producing energy. However, this proves impossible. Iron becomes the ash of fusion reactions.

And ash does not burn.

What is ash?

When you look at a fire in a fireplace, you are facing an architecture made up of stacked logs. When they burn, this structure gradually collapses. When everything is consumed, there is only a layer of gray ash in the chimney. Gravity has won. The forces of bonds between the different molecules that made up the wood have been destroyed one by one. A large part of the carbon has combined with oxygen in the air to give CO2, which has gone up the chimney. But what remains?

Wood ash, what is it?

- 20 to 25% calcium oxide (quicklime) - 13% potassium oxide (potash) and sodium oxide (soda) - 9% various oxides, magnesium, and iron.

The account is not correct. Refer to the encyclopedia. A fact: the fire works with exothermic oxidation reactions, by the oxygen in the air. But oxides, as is well known, do not burn.

**The central core, made of iron, is therefore the "ash" of the star. It accumulates. When the mass of iron exceeds "Chandrasekhar mass", calculated by him in 1930, at the age of 20, during his trip on a ship from Bombay to London, the density of this compressed iron becomes too high for electrons to freely circulate between the nuclei. This mass is equivalent to 1.44 solar masses, or 3 × 1030 kilograms. The iron core is then ultra-compressed. This mass is contained in a volume equivalent to that of the Earth (diameter: 12,000 km).

Under such conditions, electrons can no longer exist in a free state; they combine with protons in a phenomenon of neutronization, emitting a neutrino.

This neutronization is written

proton + electron gives neutron plus neutrino

In nuclear physics, masses are evaluated in MeV, in mega electron volts. That is, we multiply the mass, in kilograms, by the square of the speed of light, to find its equivalent in energy, in joules. Then we measure this energy in electron volts.

The mass of the proton is 1.67 × 10-27 grams. This corresponds to an energy of 1.5 × 10-10 joules.

The charge of the electron is 1.6 × 10-19 coulombs.

When you multiply an electric charge by a potential difference: qV you get joules.

Thus, a unit electric charge that moves in an electric field, this movement being represented by a potential difference of one volt, will represent an energy of one "electron - volt", or 1.6 × 10-19 joule.

We note this by introducing the unit of energy eV.

The electron-volt

Apply this to the proton. Its mass represents an energy equivalent of 1.5 × 10-10 joules, or 938 MeV. More precisely 938.272 MeV.

Starting from the mass of the neutron, we would find 939.565 MeV

The neutron is therefore heavier than the proton, the difference being 1.293 MeV (rounded to 1.3 MeV)

The mass of the electron is 0.91 × 10-30 kilograms, which gives it 511 keV, or 0.511 MeV. Let's go back to the reaction:

proton + electron gives neutron plus neutrino

The neutrino has a positive energy (there are no reactions in our physics involving particles with negative energies). When we sum the energy equivalent of what is on the left, the account is not balanced:

Energy of the proton (938.272) + energy of the electron (0.511) equals: 923.2725 < energy of the neutron (939.565).

Therefore, it is impossible to make a neutron, plus another thing, a neutrino, under normal conditions. There is a lack of energy. Where to find it?

Source of this knowledge: http://media4.obspm.fr/public/FSU/pages_mort/etoile-neutrons-apprendre.html

The reaction involves a electron neutrino, and Wikipedia's question gives it a mass "less than 2.5 eV"

In this balance, we can neglect it. The mass difference between the neutron and the proton is about 1.3 MeV. The electron represents only 0.511 MeV.

The reaction becomes possible if the matter is in a degenerate state.

Source: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1961C%26T....77..479M

When the iron core undergoes considerable pressure, the medium is nothing but a "mash" of nuclei and electrons, moving in all directions. We can equate this plasma to a mixture of two gases: a "gas of nuclei" and a "gas of electrons". In this degenerate state, the plasma pressure, which opposes the crushing due to the force of gravity, is essentially due to the electron gas, which is called degenerate (Fermi gas). The law that relates pressure and density then becomes different from the Mariotte law pV = constant.

About pressure:

When a gas (or plasma) exerts pressure on something, on a wall or another gas or plasma, it proceeds by collisions between particles, charged nuclei or electrons. The high school student perceives pressure classically as a force exerted on a surface, like F / L 2, L being a length.

You can multiply the denominator and the numerator of the fraction by L and obtain:

( F L )/ L 3 F L is a work, or an energy .

A pressure is therefore an energy density per unit volume.

The particles are also waves. Take for example what is called the most absolute vacuum. It is composed by ... photons. Each photon is defined by its wavelength lambda. We can compare then the space to a fabric where there is no flat place. Everywhere this fabric is agitated by photon waves.

This situation describes the state of the primitive universe, when radiation dominates. This simply means that in each unit of volume, the energy carried by the photons is greater than that represented by the matter particles. We can therefore, dynamically, neglect the presence of the latter in this phase of the cosmic expansion.

Let R be a "characteristic dimension" of this universe. The function R (t) will represent the way the universe expands. In a cube with side length of the unit of length, there will be n (t) photons. The number of these photons is conserved.

That is, n x R 3 is a constant. Or that n (t) varies as 1/ R 3 The energy of each photon will be E = h x nu, h being Planck's constant, or h c / lambda, this quantity at the denominator being the corresponding wavelength.

But, in this primitive universe, energy is not conserved. The photons "expand with the universe", which amounts to writing that lambda varies as 1/ R or that E (energy of a photon) varies as 1/ R n (t) is the number of photons per unit volume.

n (t) x E (t) is the amount of "photon energy" contained per unit volume. This is the photon pressure, or the radiation pressure of this medium called a black body.

We see that this photon pressure varies as:

p r (t) = n (t) x E (t) varies as 1/R 4 The equation of state of the "photon gas" is therefore not the same as that of an ordinary gas, where:

p V = Cte (Mariotte's law) that is, where:

p varies as 1/R 3 The photon gas is therefore much less "compressible" than an ordinary gas, in the sense that if we reduce the available volume, the pressure rises faster.

In a degenerate gas, a similar phenomenon will occur. The atoms being pressed against each other (the temperature is such that the electrons have long since left the nuclei and are freely moving), the space starts to run out. "The electrons are no longer able to fit their wave function". The wavelength associated with these electrons then decreases, which means their energy increases. The equation of state will then change.

These electrons have a mass m e . Their number remains unchanged for now. Thus the volumetric mass of the electron gas follows the law:

ro e varies as 1/R 3 But, as for the "photon gas" mentioned above, the electronic pressure will follow a law in p e (t) = n e (t) x E e (t) varies as 1/R 4 If we call the equation of state the relationship, in a gas, linking pressure and volumetric mass, this will give:

p e (t) varying as ( ro e ) 4/3

The core first goes through a non-relativistic degenerate state, then reaches a state of relativistic degeneracy, when the electrons are moving at speeds approaching c. They gain energy due to the compression, like the molecules of a gas gain speed as they are compressed. But in this near-collapse star core, this agitation speed of the electrons becomes relativistic.

When the electrons' speed reaches 0.92 c their energy equivalent is 13 MeV. When it exceeds this value, the neutronization reaction becomes possible. The electrons combine with protons to give electrons, neutrons and neutrinos. But there is an additional phenomenon: the neutrinos can escape, their collision cross-section with matter particles is minimal.

We are therefore in an astonishing situation. We begin by compressing a sphere of iron, which turns into plasma. This plasma exerts a counter-pressure on the surrounding matter. This counter-pressure is materialized by collisions. In this center of the star, everything is plasma, a mixture of nuclei and electrons. The iron nuclei are agitated, as are the electrons. They interact by collisions with the charged particles surrounding the iron nucleus. With the atoms' nuclei and with other electrons.

As long as the critical conditions are not reached, that the electrons' speeds do not exceed 0.92 c, the core holds up. Then, suddenly, the electrons disappear as if by magic, emitting neutrinos, which escape.

Imagine that you compress a gas in a cylinder, with a piston. The pressure opposing that exerted by the piston results from the collisions of particles trapped in the cylinder, against the piston.

Suddenly, behind the piston, beyond a certain pressure, the gas you compress changes nature. Particles appear that pass through the piston, which becomes a real sieve.

If we transpose this to our star's core, when this state is reached, when the iron mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass, of 1.44 solar masses, then there is neutronization, in a few seconds. Instead of this sphere of iron, there is only a cloud of neutrons, falling against each other, in free fall. The radius of this compressed iron sphere becomes a core of about twenty kilometers in diameter, which is practically nothing compared to the diameter of this sphere of iron before the implosion. I believe the radius of the object drops by three orders of magnitude. When the neutrons come into contact, the strong interaction takes place, binding them together, and opposing any rebound.

All the matter of the star, no longer subject to any counter-pressure, also falls towards its geometric center.

One could imagine an image where you compress a gas in an electric bulb. Beyond a certain pressure, the glass gives way. The gas then falls towards the geometric center of "this bulb", and rebounds on the pile of glass debris that the bulb's rupture has created.

This is what happens in the star. The falling speed (free, since nothing opposes it) reaches 10 to 20% of the speed of light (30,000 to 60,000 km/s). These nuclei will rebound on this immense core, made up of tightly packed neutrons.

This rebound will occur according to a shock wave.

**

**| You will notice that in car cylinders, they look for non-detonating combustion, without the appearance of a detonation wave. This happened with unleaded gasoline. |
|---|

Shock waves do not only propagate in gases. In an explosive, the reaction also occurs behind a detonation wave, whose progression is obviously very fast. Typically, a detonation propagates at a speed of several kilometers per second. Behind the wave front, the pressure is multiplied by a factor of 30 to 60. Thus, the detonation wave is "self-propelled". As long as it propagates in a medium where exothermic reactions occur!

Imagine that you explode a charge of explosive, and that the ignition system is, for example, at the geometric center of a spherical charge. The detonator (electric) having done its job, the reaction starts in the solid explosive. It is manifested by a release of heat, by a transition of the medium from the solid state to the gaseous state, with a large increase in pressure. This "pressure information" cannot travel outward at sonic speed (I'm talking about the speed of sound in this solid, which is higher than in a gas). A shock wave will then form, representing a pressure wave traveling at supersonic speed, in the solid (intact). At its passage, the temperature of the solid medium undergoes a jump, and the exothermic chemical reaction occurs.

When this shock wave has "consumed all the available explosive," it will then propagate into the air. But this wave will no longer be "self-propelled," since beyond it there will no longer be chemical reactions producing energy, heat, to maintain its expansion movement. It will therefore tend to weaken, until it dies and turns into a regular sound wave.

It all depends on the distance from the initial explosion, the source of the shock wave.

.

When an airplane breaks the sound barrier at altitude, you will not feel a sound wave on the ground, just a muffled boom. However, when this break is done near the ground, it is a shock wave that sweeps over it, capable of breaking windows. I remember a air show above Cannes where a fighter jet broke the sound barrier just above the rooftops and shattered an impressive number of shop windows on the Croisette. Hello, the scolding at landing.

The description of this phenomenon of the birth and propagation of shock waves in a supernova has been refined over the decades. This shock wave carries a considerable amount of energy, simply gravitational energy, from the free fall of the atoms of the star towards the central ball.

When you compress a fluid medium, it heats up. This is the case with this star core. One might expect that this collapse of these iron atoms, disassembled, transforming into a neutron soup, would result in an elastic rebound. But not at all. The plasma from this iron sphere, which evolves into a neutron gas, first evacuates energy through neutrinos. This is an inelastic compression. A neutron star will survive, because the neutrons will get close enough for the strong interaction to bind them together.

What will rebound, however, is the plasma constituting the star. Indeed, there is no need for a residual central object for this rebound to occur. The star's plasma could just as well invade a hollow sphere and rebound ... on itself. Let's consider a hydraulic analogy. Take a body of water, in a lake. Place a cylindrical object. Suddenly, brutally, remove this object. The water will rush into this volume. In the center, there will be a spectacular rise in water level. This will then give rise to a ... tsunami, with a centrifugal expansion speed. The tsunami wave is the hydraulic analogy of a shock wave.

Analogy with the creation of a tsunami

Here, the cylindrical obstacle (the iron mass) has been replaced by a thin rod (the super nucleus made of neutrons, which will become the residual neutron star). The liquid mass is supposed to rebound on this tiny obstacle. But it could also just as well rebound on ... itself:

Formation of a tsunami by the collapse of an ocean floor

Remember the tsunami that hit the coast of Banda Aceh, in Indonesia, in December 2004 (magnitude 9). The arrival of the tsunami was preceded by a withdrawal of the water. This corresponds to situation A following an ocean floor collapse.

In the case of a supernova, this shock wave will represent an unimaginable compression, with a very strong increase in temperature (from 10 to 100 billion degrees). Under such conditions, a myriad of nucleosyntheses will occur. These created nuclei will have various and diverse lifetimes. Some will disintegrate immediately after being created. Others will have lifetimes ranging from seconds, to hours, to years, to centuries, to ... billions of years.

In other words, one cannot imagine a more radioactive environment than a supernova explosion.

At the moment of maximum compression, at the heart of the supernova and right next to this residual ball made of neutrons glued together by the strong interaction, a lot of nucleosynthesis reactions form. They will continue to occur downstream of the expanding shock wave. When the star was functioning, its steady state could only be maintained because exothermic fusion reactions were occurring. But beyond iron, energy must be supplied to create heavier nuclei. Thanks to this shock wave, carrying energy, these syntheses will complete the Mendeleev table, with all possible and imaginable isotopes, with extremely variable lifetimes.

If you have read what I said in the box about shock waves, you will see that the shock wave created by the supernova explosion is not "self-propelled". It weakens as it expands.

Only what is sufficiently stable, with a long enough lifetime, will remain. The uranium-238 nuclei have survived, because they had a "life expectancy" of 4.4 billion years, and we find them in the Earth's soil. Due to its half-life of 700 million years, uranium-235 will be present in smaller quantities (0.7% compared to 238).

A idea emerges, born in the early 1960s, called the anthropic principle. We see the setting being put in place where all the elements are present to allow the emergence of life. Stars of moderate mass, like our Sun and slightly less massive stars, are in place to serve as energy sources (for photosynthesis). These stars have a long lifespan, which will allow the scenario of the emergence of life, then the evolution of living species, to unfold.

The components of terrestrial planets, on which this life can emerge, are missing. These will be synthesized in these spores that are massive stars, which live only for a few million years. These will release all the atoms necessary for this biosynthesis into space. Even more: when these supernovae eject all these atoms, they participate, in the process, in a wide variety of molecular syntheses, which can already be called pre-biotic. Thus, one will find, scattered in the interstellar gas clouds, a vast array of molecules that usually belong to biochemistry. Near the center of our galaxy is a cloud of matter, representing 500 solar masses, and which can be considered as mostly composed of "organic molecules".

The atoms that are components only want to naturally assemble. In time, I had imagined a trick to illustrate this morphogenetic ability. It is enough to buy in a supermarket wooden sticks of one centimeter in diameter and cut small logs of 5 cm in length. Then, screw at both ends of these small objects, one with a ring, the other with a hook, those that allow to fix light curtain rods. If you put a twenty in a bag, shake it and pour them on a table. You will notice that the probability that all these objects are unconnected is practically nil. The same for that these objects are all assembled to form a necklace. If you repeat this operation a certain number of times, you can perform a statistics, and count:

- The number of unconnected objects

- The number of structures with two connected objects

*- The number of structures with three objects. *

etc....

The morphogenetic experiment

This statistics converges to fixed values. It is the same for what emerges from a supernova. The probability that all the atoms produced by a supernova remain isolated is also nil.

Where does life first appear and how? This is for us the missing link. Biochemists can only note that life manages to adapt to biotopes that no one would have imagined before. When we discovered "smokers" in the ocean depths, around which life thrives in multiple forms, it was necessary to realize that the "fuel" of life was not automatically solar energy. These energy sources are located in the aphotic (without light) zone. If it is true that some deep-sea fish feed on corpses of species that fall from the surface, through an entire food chain based on necrophagy, there are species of bacteria that draw their energy, therefore their food, from the gases ejected by the smokers (for example, hydrogen sulfide emerging at 400°C). Nothing allows to assert that this benthic life corresponds to an adaptation of surface life, accidentally descending into the deep sea. Or the reverse....

There are many theories, which were once greeted with shrugs by the "specialists". But in fact, today, no one is sure of anything anymore....

Now that we know there is an incredible number of planets that can host life in the universe, it is time to speculate on the forms of life. Our astronomers will therefore conduct a spectroscopic search towards systems that have the most chance of revealing the existence of biomarkers during eclipses. We may be very surprised to discover planets with free oxygen only a few dozen light-years from Earth.

Science and Life, page 60: 150 "Earths" orbit within less than 15 light-years of ours

I recently heard a well-known astrophysicist say:

*- I am willing to admit that life exists elsewhere than on Earth. But then in a form ... bacterial. *

If some of these potential Earths host organized life, what form would it take.

*- in the form of bacteria, plankton, maybe jellyfish, will quickly say the "experts". *

And what if it were the opposite? In planetary stories, years, centuries, and even millions of years are quickly caught. Why would we automatically occupy the top of the evolutionary pyramid? Why would we be the holders of the ultimate in scientific knowledge, technology?

The slippery slope, again, the absolute taboo. Move along, there's nothing to see.

Naturally, we are not alone, but visited: no!

Let's not insist. Let's focus on our own planet. We see that the universe abundantly produces the means to create plant, animal, life forms drawing their energy, either from a star, or from another source.

This life becomes more complex and expands its rational field.

One could even dare to say that it is its reason for being. After birds have carried seeds in their interiors, which they cannot digest, but which will be stowaways, heading to distant lands, humans have made their own metal birds, operating on hydrocarbons, to spread across the planet.

Written messages on paper supports were no longer enough. They invented radio, then television. Today, thanks to a tight network of satellites, we can communicate, converse with a man living at the antipodes. The loop is therefore closed. What will happen next?

Unable to reflect on the transcendence of its evolutionary path, to discern its contours, its premises and its outcomes, which however burst its eyes and ears, humans continue to lose themselves in archaic battles.

Nature had set aside reserves of energy for them. Hydrocarbons of all kinds, including naturally renewable sources. Then humanity entered the atomic age. All of this because in the Earth's crust had survived a fissile atom, uranium 235, thanks to its 700 million years of half-life. If this had not been the case, this story would have taken some delay, a lot of delay. Indeed, there is no naturally occurring, directly fissile nucleus in nature, suitable for a chain reaction, this fission being induced by the impact of a neutron.

Here and there, they talk about thorium 232. This can give rise to a fissile element, uranium 233, by "capture of a slow neutron". But slow neutrons are not found in nature, and we are back to the previous problem (the lifetime of a free neutron, outside a nucleus, is 14.8 minutes). It is necessary to be able to manufacture them. Uranium 233 is indeed fissile, but since its half-life is 150,000 years, it is therefore not found in nature. On the other hand, thorium 232 is found, which has a half-life of 14 billion years, four times more abundant than uranium.

What would have happened if uranium 235 had had a shorter half-life, to the point that it was not found in nature? Nuclear energy could have emerged in other forms, for example through the Rubbiatron, invented by Nobel Prize winner Carlo Rubbia.

The balance is positive. Rubbia explains that the energy produced, at the end of the chain, far exceeds that devoted to the acceleration of protons.

The principle of the synchrotron was imagined during the Second World War. The symbolic energy of a GeV was achieved in 1950. One could therefore imagine that this system could have emerged in the 1950s as a possible source of nuclear energy.

Starting point: having a source of high-energy particles, the synchrotron, spitting out protons with energies of 800 MeV to 1 GeV.

Then directing this beam towards a heavy substance like lead, which will release a lot of neutrons by spallation, up to 20 to 30. These neutrons are then sufficiently energetic to produce uranium 233 from thorium 232. Finally, this uranium 233 will release energy through collisions with neutrons: it is fissile and even lends itself to a chain reaction effect. Its critical mass is 16 kg (10 for plutonium 239 and 48 for uranium 235). When fissioning, uranium 235 produces 2.48 neutrons. The 233 produces 2.49.

Conclusion

: even if Nature had not offered us a naturally occurring fissile isotope U 235 (0.7% of uranium ore), this would not have prevented the emergence of nuclear weapons. The method used would have simply been different.

One can try to ... rewrite history. What would have happened if Nature had not offered this uranium 235? The emergence of the nuclear weapon would have been only delayed by a few years. It is essential to understand one thing: the basic explosive of nuclear fission weapons is not uranium 235 but plutonium 239, which does not exist in nature and can be manufactured by bombarding uranium 238 with fast neutrons. These virtues of plutonium were pointed out in 1940 by the Italian Emilio Segré (a student of Enrico Fermi, and a Jew, who had to leave Italy in 1938 to join the University of Berkeley).

Emilio Segré, nuclear physicist, student of Enrico Fermi
Italian and Jewish, immigrant to the United States in 1938

*Co-conceiver of the plutonium 239 fission bomb *

As for plutonium, it had been discovered a few months earlier by bombarding uranium 238 with deuterium nuclei, in the Berkeley cyclotron.

Why plutonium? Because it is possible to chemically isolate it from its "fertile" uranium 238 cover, because these two bodies do not have the same chemical properties (which are determined by the electron shell of the nuclei). On the contrary, separating uranium 235 from 238 cannot be done chemically, since they are isotopes, which have the same electron shells, and therefore the same chemical properties. It is therefore necessary, for example, to consider isotope separation by centrifugation, which is long and expensive.

If we had had to, for some natural reason, abandon uranium 235, this would not have in any way paralyzed the emergence of nuclear weapons, and of the nuclear industry. On this last point, the emphasis would have been placed, for example, on fast neutron breeder reactors, which only operate with plutonium.

Historically, with or without atomic bombs, the Americans in 1945 were in the process of crushing Japan with extremely deadly bombings, which they could carry out without hindrance using their B-29 bombers, operating at altitudes where Japanese fighters could not reach them (Japan was also short of fuel). The bombings of Tokyo, which preceded that of Hiroshima, carried out with phosphorus bombs, caused more deaths than the two subsequent nuclear bombings. Photos of Japanese bodies burned by the radiation of the fireball explosions are often shown. There is little difference with the effect of carpet bombing with phosphorus bombs. Fires storms emitted radiation that burned people on the spot:

**Tokyo Bombings, Spring 1945, with white phosphorus bombs.
A mother, carrying her child, was burned to death by radiation. Since she was carrying her child on her back, the body of the child protected her, not from the flames, but from the radiation. **

Of course, the nuclear bombings had a psychological impact on the Japanese High Command. But without these spectacular weapons, the Americans could have destroyed all the major cities of Japan, with terrible incendiary bombings, massacring the civilian population, until the surrender of the Empire of the Rising Sun. These bombings accelerated the surrender, preventing Stalin from taking hold in the archipelago and claiming his share of the pie.

Thanks to the naturally occurring uranium 235, it was possible to quickly obtain fissile material by isotope separation, in the Oak Ridge plant. From 1942, Enrico Fermi and Leo Slizard built the first "atomic pile" in history, under the stands of the University of Chicago.

The first "atomic pile" built in 1942 under the stands of the University of Chicago stadium

Compared to what we have mentioned above, the "Rubbiatron" reactor is a very primitive object, a real do-it-yourself project: a simple stack of elements: metallic uranium, uranium in the form of oxide and graphite, acting as a "moderator", that is, a neutron decelerator. Indeed, the "fission cross-sections" for uranium atoms are higher for slow ( "thermal" ) neutrons. The control rods were manually operated.

Enrico Fermi, in 1942. He was only 41 years old and was very pleased to have obtained the "divergence" of his pile, of his reactor

Quote: "This A-bomb? It's still good physics!"

At the time, practically nothing was known about the carcinogenic effects of nuclear radiation. Fermi died 12 years later from stomach cancer at the age of 53, persistently believing that science, to which he had devoted his entire life, would produce a means to cure the disease he had contracted.

These digressions are there to remind us of what led, and continues to lead, the affairs of the world: the ambition of megalomaniacs, fear, paranoia, imperialism, greed, stupidity, complete lack of moral sense and compassion. Let's add the perverse effects of the symbiosis between humans and all kinds of technologies. Listing these components would be tedious.

It is necessary to add the successive stupidity of all ambitious people. Hitler, who was nothing like Alexander the Great, made huge mistakes in his quest to dominate the world. If, in order to satisfy an expansionist logic, he had used the fascist and racist fraction of the Polish people (see below), he would have found valuable allies in their obsessive project to eradicate the Jewish people (the population of Warsaw was composed of 30% Jews before the Second World War). If he had not underestimated the capabilities of the Slavs, whom he generally perceived as sub-humans, he could have enlisted "White Russians" as auxiliaries to crush the communist forces, which was his dream. But he did not want to share. His plan was to conquer, brutally eliminate the native populations, and then install Aryan colonists on what he considered "his living space". A simplistic, unrealistic vision. Stupid, in a word.

Same stupidity among the Japanese hardliners. They failed to imagine that the United States would be able to develop a formidable industrial war machine, to go and fight the war 10,000 km from the western coast of their country.

It is worth remembering that General Hishi, with the approval of the Emperor, created in Manchuria a center, Unit 731, where bacteriological weapons were developed, the first weapons of mass destruction, as early as 1931. Read the file I created as early as 2002.

General Hishi, creator of Unit 731 in Manchuria, 1931
Research center for bacteriological weapons, using human test subjects

Chinese test subjects, tied to a post, for anthrax tests dropped by aircraft

Japanese strategists had long planned, since 1930, a possible conflict with the United States and had prepared to ravage the USA using large-scale bacteriological weapons. For this purpose, the carriers were already ready: the largest submarines in the world, the "1400" units: 122 meters, 144 crew members, a displacement of 6500 tons. Here is the best photo we have:

.jpg)

There are models to build, of these aircraft carrier submarines (3 aircraft)

The Japanese aircraft carrier submarine, "1400"

Here is one of the few photos of one of the aircraft, mounted and placed on its catapult. Note the small size of its bomb.

One of the single-engine, floatplane aircraft, embarked on the Japanese submarine 1400

There has been at least one case in history where a submarine carried an aircraft. This is the French submarine Surcouf. It was 10 meters shorter than the Japanese 1400. Modern in all respects, it was launched in 1939. It was armed with two 203 mm cannons, which equip heavy cruisers, firing 120 kg shells at 27 km. It was accidentally sunk in 1942 after a collision with a cargo ship in the Panama Canal.

**The takeoff of the embarked reconnaissance seaplane. **

**No catapult. The aircraft takes off on its own. **

The two units are contemporary, a few years apart. Obviously, the embarked aircraft do not have the same function. The French aircraft, a single one, is not armed. It is not configured for any attack and only serves for aerial reconnaissance. The pilot is not protected by a closed cockpit. The speed of the aircraft must be barely above 180 km/h. On the other hand, when looking at the Japanese single-engine aircraft (three aircraft embarked on each "1400" submarine), it is a completely different story. The aircraft is streamlined, fast, designed for penetration. Documents indicate that its floats could be jettisoned.

For a naval aircraft, it does not carry a torpedo, and the modest size of its bomb makes it hardly capable of attacking a surface unit. Devoid of cannons or machine guns, it would not be able to withstand an engagement by fighter aircraft.

How to imagine the mission of the largest Japanese submarine, carrying three aircraft with tiny bombs.

*What to attack, and how? *

The explanation that seems to impose itself is that these aircraft were the vectors of bacteriological weapons. The submarine, crossing the Pacific, could approach, at night, at short distance from the American coast. It could discreetly reassemble its three aircraft, then launch them, thanks to its deck catapult. These aircraft would then have a high chance of being able to drop their bombs over an important city.

Remember that during the Second World War, the Americans saw balloons arriving on their western coast, using what the Japanese had discovered first, the jet streams. Several reached the American coast. But the secret of this event was carefully kept. Thus, the success of these operations could not be reported to the Japanese by the spies living in the USA.

Again, what offensive charge could these balloons carry, if not bacteriological weapons?

It took decades for Second World War historians to know these facts and have these photographs in hand. For the record, MacArthur assured General Hishi of complete impunity if he and his collaborators agreed to hand over their "research notes" to the Americans, *without destroying them. *

Before these facts were known, would more perceptive investigators than the average, who would have evoked such projects without really solid evidence, not have been treated as ... conspiracy theorists?

Remember the extermination camps, the gas chambers. Jews interned in the Polish camp of Treblinka, 100 kilometers north of Warsaw, which became operational in 1942, were able to escape in August 1943. It is estimated that 700,000 Jews were exterminated there. More, according to other authors. These figures make it the second extermination camp after Auschwitz. Read this excerpt:

Of the thousand prisoners in the camp, 600 escaped, but a year later, when the Red Army arrived, only about fifty survivors remained.

The others were killed on the day of the revolt or in the following months by

Polish peasants

,

Ukrainian fascist bands

,

deserters from the Wehrmacht, the Gestapo and the special units of the German army.

I had read a book on Treblinka, based on the testimonies of the few survivors. The 1943 uprising was preceded by the escape of a few prisoners who managed to reach the Allied lines. Their testimonies were immediately doubted. A démarche to the Vatican, calling on the Pope to denounce this massacre, remained without effect.

These people were treated like ... conspiracy theorists

Disgusted by these reactions, some even managed to return to the camp from which they had escaped, to organize and participate in the uprising.

What do we know about all the atrocities committed during these troubled times? We may know only a small fraction. I have reported my personal testimony, which could be reinforced by those of students from Supaéro of my generation, that an old shooting range, created before the Second World War for the training of the French police forces, was used during the war as an experimental gas chamber, the bodies then being burned in the ovens of a nearby thermal power plant, located in Issy les Moulineaux. When I was a student, following a mandatory military training, we were trained to shoot in these same premises, which were returned to their original purpose.

All of this has been destroyed, disappeared. Only a "conspiracy theorist" like me still evokes this eyewitness account.

The Second World War, with its train of horrors, has passed.

What do we know about the horrors currently being committed, or planned?

What do we know about the monstrous projects being planned today?

Is the HAARP system just a system for studying the ionosphere? Who would believe this lie?

Thinking about such possibilities immediately qualifies you as a "conspiracy theorist". Everyone knows that we live "in peace" today. Our media have an obvious anesthetic role.

In the 1980s, I went to an MHD conference in Boston. There I met two Russians, who showed me the MHD generator of Pavlosky, "allowing to perform electrical resistivity measurements of the soil". An apparatus that later received a name: the "Pamir" machine.

Electrical resistivity measurements, developing megawatts of electricity! Nonsense!

Since 2002 I had hypothesized that such a machine could trigger earthquakes, and I had explained how.

*Conspiracy theory? *

One could continue like this for a long time, touching on the most burning issues of contemporary history, which are ignored by our press, misinformed, distorted.

You are beginning to grasp the parallel with the allegory presented in the film Matrix.

Lies have always existed in history, as well as fears and hatreds. What very few of us are aware of today is that nothing has changed. In the past, things were more brutal, more primitive. One hated the Germans, the Jews, the homosexuals, the communists, the revisionists. The media have simply become a major component of our societies.

This pinkish liquid you see in the film Matrix is the one of lies and disinformation in which we bathe daily.

Our perception of the real world is systematically, fundamentally distorted.

I said above that man, a symbiotic creature, has become techno-dependent. He has his tools, his machines, his prostheses, his vehicles, without which he can no longer live or work.

But he has invented dream machines. He no longer dreams on his own, he consumes pre-prepared dreams. This ability to dream, to imagine, to think, is slipping away from him day by day.

In the past, when one read a novel, the reader had a minimum of creative, participatory action. He had to invent the characters, the scenes, in his head. Reading required a minimum of imagination. Today, reading is dying. There remains the "magic lantern", the "small screen". Why read travel stories, when you can travel virtually? With National Geographic Magazine, you can go anywhere. Then, why travel? (think of the movie Total Recall). The viewers do not realize that they are already traveling ... virtually. It is not yet the bathtub filled with pink liquid, but it is already the chair, the sofa, x hours a day. .

Who is manipulating this theater of shadows? In fact, it is the viewer, out of cowardice, out of sadism. Look at what our films and even our comics have become? Violence, everywhere. Man has created his own Colosseum. The sordid appetite was already there, rooted in the human soul like a hideous parasite. Can you imagine the crowds of the past who gathered in these huge circuses to see people kill each other? Today the virtual heroes do not die. But the appetite is the same. If snuff movies were freely available, people would rush to buy them.

*Snuff movies are films where the scenes of violence are real, where real executions and real torture scenes are filmed and sold under the counter. *

Read album number 12 of the Largo Winch series, titled "Shadow" (well named"). The author only shows the world ... as it is.

Here's an idea that comes to me: create films whose outcome is left to the choice of the viewer. Interactive films. Like games.

Do you want:

- The hero to die

*- To survive? *

Thumbs up or thumbs down ( Police verso! ). You could even put the icon on the screen.

I just saw, going down to Aix, a film where Stallone meets Schwarzenegger and other violence heroes, generally on the way down. A group sent by the CIA to get rid of a despicable dictator in South America (Chavez?). I think that if they had smeared shit on the poster, it would not have been worse. But if this film is made, there will be people who go see it.

Think about Matrix. A more refined film could have skipped these absurd combat scenes. But nowadays, these patterns are already grafted into the minds and will be more and more. If you think, these scenes contribute nothing. They could have made way for a richer plot. But no, it has to be simple, direct.

Man has created a world of machines that is devouring him, as the author of the Best of All Worlds, Aldous Huxley, had foreseen, with his "scented cinema" and his "soma". One day, they might even put tranquilizers in children's meals.

The commercial street of my childhood, with milk served in buckets, in cans that customers brought, is gone. Gone are the hardware stores, etc. Today, you pass through a sliding door, which closes behind you, and you are in a "supermarket", in a soulless, horizonless, unrelieved setting.

Our world is becoming more and more virtual every day. There is an excellent comic strip by Mézières, quite old, called "Les Cercles du Pouvoir", where Valérian and Laureline take part in a final assault, and discover "what rules the world": a ... television screen.

I think I am becoming pessimistic, because the movement of dumbing down is developing faster than that of awareness. It has already been quite a few years since I no longer have a television, and I get by very well. I even wrote a short story once where the police and the Ministry of the Interior discovered that city dwellers, citizens, gathered at night, taking their televisions in their car trunks. Then they smashed them with hammers and set them on fire.

This is a very 68th-style vision. Imagine that city dwellers or citizens in general do the same, in an uncontrollable way. Every night you would see fires where televisions, abandoned on the sidewalk, would burn.

Instead of burning cars

This would worry the power a lot more, believe me!

Our nature as a human-machine symbiotic being is only getting stronger, on all levels. Our "scientists" are doing their best to hide their ignorance and focus on the tree that hides the forest (Refers to the evocation of the last article published in Science and Vie).

A few days ago, a young journalist came to interview me, as a "conspiracy theorist". I asked her who had qualified me with that adjective. She could not give me a specific name. Everything comes from "forums" where participants speak under pseudonyms.

So here is a new thing, one of the consequences of this human-machine symbiosis: a reputation can be built from speeches made by people protected by anonymity.

Note.

If you "surf the net", you will find a plethora of "conspiracy theories". Our world would be led, influenced, guided by groups acting in the shadows. Secret societies, in a way.

There have always been such structures. I don't remember who said "wars are created and led by people who know each other, and suffered by people who don't know each other".

Is the world the object of a vast, powerful, organized conspiracy, acting with specific goals?

Yes and no.

On the level of weapons and extermination projects, the examples are countless, the genocides are innumerable. History is full of monstrous projects, plotted for years. If one had questioned Hitler in the 1930s about his actions, he would have answered with conviction that the rest of the world had forced him to act this way (what he affirmed until his last days, in his bunker in the Chancellery. see the film The Downfall). The same for the Japanese, cramped on their island, lacking raw materials.

You will note that in all countries, there is no ministry of attack, only ministries of defense.

It is said: SI VIS PACEM, PARA BELUM (if you want peace, prepare for war)

The American hawks launched the idea of preventive war. We live on a planet where many human groups live in a situation of declared violent rivalry and hostility, maintained. Beyond that, the first disease of the Earth is its uncontrolled population. A phenomenon that is an immediate consequence of the glaring inequalities and only the leveling of these same inequalities could solve.

The man trapped in his own media machinery

Whether we want it or not, we are caught in a vast machinery, in a theater of shadows, in a box of images. I will cite an example. When I was a child, I occasionally saw police films, or "war films". Regarding police films, a hero of the time was Eddie Constantine.

Eddie Constantine, the "tough guy" of the 1950s

This actor, with an American accent, with a face ravaged by what looked like smallpox, played the role of a private detective forever. It was the image of the "tough guy" par excellence. In a fight, he always won, very quickly, by sending a hook to the jaw of his opponent, who, for those with a sharp eye, would inevitably pass five good centimeters from the chin of the latter. The henchman would inevitably fall K.O. on the first blow. Then Eddie would tighten his tie.

On the police side, Paul Meurisse played excellently the role of the commissioner, holding his gun like a bouquet of flowers.

Paul Meurisse

If there were deaths, everything happened very cleanly. The effusion of blood was unnecessary, since they were shooting in black and white. The same in war films. The wounded limped, leaning on a crutch. As for the dying, sitting against a tree, he always had time to say a few edifying words (if it was a hero), or remorse (if it was a repentant villain). Then his head would suddenly tilt, his eyes would close, and that was it.

The toy weapons of my childhood were of dubious realism. The most advanced tanks spat sparks, from a flint stone. On the side of pistols, we had stopper pistols, or percussion caps. Silver-plastic revolvers completed the cowboy outfits.

The cinematic deaths changed completely when the blood-splattered vest, triggered remotely by a remote control, appeared. I remember very well when I saw this for the first time. It was in a film where William Holden played, in the late stage of his career, called The Wild Bunch, released in 1969.

William Holden in The Wild Bunch, 1969

The spectators saw in astonishment the men hit jump back, the impact of the bullet being signaled by the appearance of a crater spewing the most beautiful tomato sauce. At the time, a journalist from Science and Vie, whose name I have forgotten, and who was a fanatic of large caliber firearms, published an article denouncing these cinematic cartwheels, his impact of a bullet, even if it was 11.43 caliber.

Indeed: principle of action and reaction, the impact of a bullet on a body could not exceed the effect of recoil on the shooter's wrist or shoulder. But people have become accustomed to these cartwheels.

I shared a hospital room with a young journalist who had, during a mission in Africa, his humerus broken by a Kalashnikov bullet. He told me that at the time he felt nothing, and realized he was injured when he saw one of his arms suddenly refuse to obey and hang pitifully. As for me, I was there after being bitten on the right index finger by a stray cat that I had caught. A wound that almost cost me my finger, due to the onset of pasteurellosis (or cat scratch disease), a bacterium that in my case proved resistant to antibiotics. It was necessary to open my finger up to the bone to allow air oxygen to kill these bacteria and avoid amputation.

Realistic-looking plastic handguns appeared in France in 1960, in the form of a very well imitated Luger. I remember it as if it were yesterday.

We must now project ourselves into the current era, and note that human beings consume murder on a daily basis, in large quantities and continuously.

What film author would make a profit without a nice bloodbath, without a moment of hyper violence, arranged with balsa chairs smashed on heads, plunges through sugar glass?

When a character gets beaten up, thrown to the ground, and receives kicks to the head, which would kill him if the action were real.

In short, our daily life contains its dose of violence, without restraint. Behind this, a key invention: television, made even more realistic since the advent of color. A dose of images multiplied by this new medium, which is the Internet, fed to human beings from their youngest age.

Would it surprise anyone that this violence becomes omnipresent in consumer products, films, videos or video games?

A first manifestation of "The Matrix,"

Simple feedback related to a human-machine symbiosis. The product shapes the subject, and creates the demand.

A terrible and effective loop.

cette vidéo

**

le groupe bancaire Goldman Sachs

****http://videos.arte.tv/fr/videos/goldman-sachs-la-banque-qui-dirige-le-monde--6894428.html

****https://www.dropbox.com/s/bagdrpzrjolf1ye/goldman%20sachs%20la%20banque%20qui%20dirige%20le%20monde.mkv

**


****http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xtc3e2_goldman-sachs-la-banque-qui-dirige-le-monde-1-2_lifestyle

****http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xtc1af_goldman-sachs-la-banque-qui-dirige-le-monde-2-2_lifestyle

****http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuNry6X9V8Q

****http://www.arte.tv/fr/goldman-sachs-le-supermarche-de-la-finance/6892050.html

sept ans plus tô

****http://www.alterinfo.net/La-nouvelle-generation-de-medicament-avec-micropuce-integree_a81122.html

**

11 septembre 2012.

Today is the anniversary of the events that took place in New York in 2001. Apart from those who lost loved ones in this catastrophe, who still cares?

It is the Americans who are still fighting. America? The country from which the worst and the best can emerge.

Refresh your memory, just in case, by watching:

Remember: it is those who behave like calves who end up in the slaughterhouse. I am daily bombarded with information that I should relay. But I try to focus my energy on nuclear power. Read the September-October issue of NEXUS on ITER, the weak link in the French nuclear establishment. The next article will be on Megajoule.

In the movie Matrix, it is "the machines" that have taken power over the human species. The media machinery is an example of a "machine" that has escaped all control and is subject to a terrible Larsen effect, involving those who created it and those who are subjected to it.

There is another example: the banking and speculative machinery. There, I advise you to watch this broadcast by Arte on this monster that is Goldman Sachs. 700 billion in assets: twice the budget of France. 30,000 employees, on five continents.

Available on:

Unfortunately, the day after this page was posted, the video is no longer available:

But, fortunately, it can be found in two parts on dailymotion:

And on Toutube:

Finally, in the form of a guided tour, original, of "Goldman Sachs' shop". Founded in 1869. Names: Marcus Goldman, Samuel Sachs, Sidney Weinberg, Gus Levy, Jon Corzine, Henry Paulson, Lloyd Blankfein ...

Governments come and go, but Goldman Sachs remains....

Another example of a "machine" that has escaped its creators. One could multiply the examples infinitely. It is only by becoming aware of this that man will have a chance to take his destiny back in hand.

Is there a conspiracy? Yes and no. Those who manage this future of the planet invent a thousand excellent reasons to justify their actions. You have here an information that shows how people will be led "in their interest" to ingest an RFID chip. The next stage will be to miniaturize this chip, thanks to nanotechnology techniques. These chips will discreetly settle in an organ, transmitting information, possibly "on demand," like a transponder, for example, when passing through a security portal. They can also release toxins, or a deadly toxin, which will allow blackmailing the carrier.

All of this is technically possible, and I had predicted it.

The alibi will be ... security.

Paranoia is a manifestation of a conspiratorial attitude. The paranoid person does not need tangible evidence. This paranoia causes manipulative and repressive attitudes. Examples, among thousands of others? Hitler, Stalin.

Here is the latest file on ingestible chips:

Good reading

Among the mechanisms that drive man, there are two that are particularly powerful: the desire to appear, to possess, and the fear of being attacked, of losing, of being dominated, of being helpless. These mechanisms have been working since the cave age. But today they have a planetary scale. The power of the media multiplies the actions of manipulators, or groups of manipulators.

A great pioneer in this matter was Adolf Hitler, who fully used the radio, photography, and film. Cynical, ambitious, with messianic pretensions, he led an entire people into "another matrix," drunk on images, slogans to which he eventually ... believed himself. Watch the film "The Downfall" to discover a disillusioned, betrayed, suicidal Hitler. Yes, the Slavs were not that inferior people, who would disband at the first attack. There, they were at the gates of Berlin.

What is the Matrix? It is you, it is me, it is us. It is the human machinery in which we are caught, and which historians will try to decode the mechanisms of after the next planetary disaster, if we survive.

This pinkish juice from the Matrix film is simply human stupidity, of which we are prisoners.

There is no "planetary conspiracy." I don't think so. There is only the combination of beams of lies, deceptions, fears, and combinations of paranoid attitudes. All this is enough to secrete media, ideological, class nebulae. It creates alliances, "preventive attacks," fuels hatreds, frustrations, and multiplies them.

In the past, the American designer Raymond Loewy wrote "ugliness sells badly." I would say

Truth sells badly.

The lie sells infinitely better.

Why? Because men participate in these lies. Complicity is everywhere. Many lies have a reassuring character. And many truths are terribly alarming. Facing the prospect of their own death, human beings in their majority (at least in the West) choose to "die cured," as Molière said. The lie of the doctors is easier to accept than the irreversible sanction. Men first seek reassurance, not anxiety.

Hope sells better

This is the same in our societies, facing the anxiety of our planetary future. In 1939, those who believed in the imminence of a war were called "conspirators." The word of the time was "alarmist," but the meaning is the same. We do not listen to Cassandra.

A vision of the ambient lie is taking shape. Journalists lie to the public, but also lie to themselves; to reassure themselves, as they reassure their readers or viewers. The alarming vision of the future secretes an ambient meta-reality. One can see in it a full-blown Machiavellism, an organized conspiracy. One can also see it as the expression of fear.

The creators and distributors of false visions, of distorted realities, can also be those who believe in a sort of "salvific Machiavellism." One can commit terrible crimes "in the interest of the majority," or in the interest of one's ethnicity, "a large number," of one's social group. At the height of his power, Hitler must have seen himself as a true benefactor of humanity, watching over the future of a pure, chosen race.

It is in our recent history that we discovered the expression "ethnic purification."

This is how the lie acquires a pyramid structure. At the top, politicians are content, under the gilded panels of their offices, to observe the world from the windows of their private hotels. They eventually convince themselves of the correctness of their views (which, in general, coincides with their own interest). The caricatural example is given by the ministers of labor, who have never worked in their lives, such as Alain Madelin. Many journalists, essayists, thinkers, sociologists, and psychologists have often never approached the world of work, near or far, the "Real Life." Philosophers are also found, born with a square of carpet glued under each foot, like Bernard Henri Lévy, rich in billions, who sees himself as an actor of history, gesticulating, inflating his importance, dispensing his discarded thoughts to all.

Prevert wrote in one of his poems:

- Those who manufacture in basements the pens with which others will write that everything is for the best.

In politics, paraphrasing Master Pangloss, in Voltaire's masterpiece, Candide, I would write:

- So well that it is the small particular lies that make the general good, so that the more small particular lies there are, the better things are in the best of all possible worlds.

You can just as well replace the word lie with the word cowardice. They often go hand in hand. The main motives that lead people to seek "positions of responsibility" is to see their own interest. Most of them only want to get rid of these responsibilities by entrusting them to others, who "will think" and decide for them.

Days pass. Like me, you wonder "what will happen?" We are in the Matrix, that's all. It distills to us daily its distorted images. We raise our children in a world where the virtual increasingly takes precedence over the real, where conformity erodes all imagination. We are surprised to see the emergence of serious pathologies, serial killers, while our children witness "virtual" murders as soon as they look at the family television screen. Thanks to the internet, one can find videos showing executions, beheadings, electrocutions. Professional executioners are interviewed. These are only "soldiers of justice" who "do their job."

We have in our hands the means to change the world, and we could do it instantly. It would be enough to mobilize the same energy, the same courage (consented or forced) and the same capital as in these immense happenings that we call wars, which drive our economies at full speed, at least some of them. With the technologies we already have, we could change the game. And if, by chance, an altruistic creativity manifested with the same power as it knows for patriotic reasons, all hopes would be allowed.

I will publish in the next issue of the magazine Nexus an article still devoted to a chimera called Iter. I wonder if, this time, the CEA will come up with ten pages of "response to my statements in this magazine," with an English translation. I doubt it. They have ignored my request for a right of reply, claiming that "I was making personal attacks on people from the house" (said Robert Arnoux, communications director at Iter Organization, June 2012).

Last line of defense of people who would not withstand a scientific face-to-face confrontation, filmed and broadcast.

Completing this file, briefly mentioned in these columns, I have given a first sketch of a pure fusion bomb. Above, we saw the principle of operation of fission weapons. You will find all the details concerning the thermonuclear weapon in Wikipedia. The A-bomb, fission, emits 80% of its energy in the form of X-rays. These are enclosed in a kind of oven. Inside this, a thermonuclear charge (lithium deuteride, a solid compound of lithium 6 and deuterium) is contained in a uranium 238 casing (another inertial confinement system). Everything is imprisoned in ordinary polyethylene. This is transformed into plasma at the moment of the A-bomb explosion. This plasma plays a role of diffuser for these X-rays.

The Russians have long known how to produce huge electrical intensities by MHD, from explosives. In the 1950s, Sakharov produced 100 million amperes. It remains to compress this impulse by giving it a duration less than 150 nanoseconds, so that this current does not flow in the wires of the liners, but on the periphery of them, thanks to the skin effect. The Russians also know how to do this. All of this will soon be known and become ... terribly proliferating. But it's too late

The cat is already out of the bag!

Why complicate life by searching for uranium, enriching it laboriously with centrifuges to obtain uranium 235. Why, then, operate, with this enriched uranium, plutonium-producing reactors, to obtain plutonium 239 and make fission bombs, which in turn will be the detonators of fusion charges, lithium deuteride. Why complicate life so much when one can bypass all of this with a system where:

- The primary energy is provided by a conventional explosive

- This energy is transformed into an electrical pulse by a DEMG (Disk Electro Magnetic Generator) of Chernychev (see this file)

- The compression of the pulse is possible "dry" (Russian technique)

- A double liner with wires implodes on a igniter target. Between the liner and the target: polyethylene, to homogenize the X-ray radiation produced.

- The igniter explodes. If necessary, a uranium 238 envelope improves the inertial confinement.

- Everything is placed at the center of a fusion charge (lithium deuteride). If the system can work without the U 238 envelope, we obtain a 100% clean, green bomb.

- In principle, this system should be able to be miniaturized in the future. Therefore, it would be possible to use these nuclear weapons without risk for the one who uses them.

- The necessary materials do not require a very advanced technology, nor difficult to obtain basic products. Thus, we would witness the democratization, proliferation, and planetaryization of the thermonuclear weapon.

Another solution, in the face of this new situation, instead of fighting for a magnificent Third World War: we all sit around a table and think about the possible use of this new source of energy.

It would be possible to power a generator consuming double cylindrical liners, placed end to end and descending into the chamber. During the plasma expansion, 70% of the energy is directly converted into electricity by operating the plasma expansion in a magnetic field. The rest is exploited as simple thermal energy, carried away safely by the explosion waste: helium. Part of the energy is stored in the equivalent of a two-stroke engine flywheel (capacitor or other storage system), to be able to ensure the next compression.

The two-stroke fusion impulse generator

As René Dumont said, more than ever, it is:

There would still be a third option. Become aware of ... something else. I have already said, written, and repeated it a hundred times. I even wrote it in a book.

When you look back at everything that has just been said: nucleosynthesis, the birth of long-lived stars, supernovae functioning as spores, providing the necessary materials. Further, all these pre-biotic syntheses. All of this resembles a setup, doesn't it? Especially since if we modified the values of the physical constants, all of this would no longer happen. Hence:

The anthropic principle

Beyond that, it is necessary to note that the living world continues to complexify by constantly expanding its relational field. One can hypothesize that this is one of the cosmic laws. Therefore, this extension of the relational field cannot be interrupted at the tiny boundaries of our solar system, or the "solar" systems of the entire universe.

To cross such distances, only technology can do it. No bird will have wings large enough to carry us to other inhabited systems.

To resume this extension of the relational field, technology is needed, plus a small adjustment to our cosmological model. The current model is leaking from all sides, it's time to rework it.

Technology, plus a behavioral attribute, to avoid the backlash of a human-machine symbiosis, human-technology becoming dangerous, on the scale of the entire ethnicity. An attribute that is nothing more than the ability to anticipate the consequences of one's actions. What we call moral conscience.

From this perspective, anything other than the project of developing a cosmic ship to visit our neighbors would be collateral damage and a waste of time.

All of this under the eyes of "people" who wonder: when will they understand?

l'association UFO-scienceune vidéo d'une heure quarante

****d'un éditorial de 36 pages

GESTO

Groupe d'Etude des Orientations Scientifiques et Techniques

(Pour les chèques, libellés au nom de GESTO, et adressés "chez Jean-Pierre Petit, BP 55, 84122 Pertuis)

Banque             Guichet           N° de Compte            Clé RIB

3003                 00027            00037272529                65

Identification internationale (IBAN)

IBAN FR76 3000 3000 2700 0372 7252 965

We will not talk about UFOs, but about magneto-hydrodynamic disc-shaped aero-dynes, interstellar travel, exoplanets, and life in the universe. No UFOcatch either, also piously rebranded and renamed "METEOcatch": a system to track meteors, capture their spectra and determine their landing point.

As soon as possible, we will open a paypal

If aligning this new account risked depriving UFO-science of funds, rest assured: it would be enough to draw money from the GESTO account.

GESTO

Groupe d'Etude des Orientations Scientifiques et Techniques

(Pour les chèques, libellés au nom de GESTO, et adressés "chez Jean-Pierre Petit, BP 55, 84122 Pertuis)

Banque             Guichet           N° de Compte            Clé RIB

3003                 00027            00037272529                65

Identification internationale (IBAN)

IBAN FR76 3000 3000 2700 0372 7252 965

Perseus, showing the face of Medusa, through its reflection in his shield

Ah: my article, of the kind that shocks, in the September-October 2012 issue of Nexus, on Iter ---

The Icelandic revolution, myth or reality ??

Nouveautés Guide (Index) Page d'accueil